教科文组织报告指出文化和创意产业性别不平等现象持续存在
(English version below)
联合国教科文组织于6月4日发布了一份题为《性别与创造力：悬崖边的进步》的报告。报告强调，尽管近期文化和创意产业在实现性别比例均衡方面取得了进展，但仍需要采取相关政策措施，以实现性别平等。
报告探讨了文化和创意产业既有的、时而加剧的性别差距（尤其在新冠疫情背景下），并呼吁作出新的承诺和采取变革性行动，以促进性别平等。报告还突出了可供政策制定者参考的世界各地的创新型性别平等政策、措施和方案。
数字鸿沟仍是一个紧迫的问题，女性在获得数字音乐平台、在线教程、混音软件等用于艺术创作和传播的数字工具方面面临着过多障碍。例如：据估计，全球互联网使用者中女性比男性少2.5亿人；在欧洲和北美的电子音乐节上，仅有21%的表演者为女性。
从技术角度来看，数字性别鸿沟正使得妇女和女孩在政治、经济、文化和社会生活的各个领域逐步落后，这导致她们孤立无援且难以获得所需工具和可靠信息。实现性别平等将意味着克服这些弱点，这对于在文化和创意部门工作的女性来说尤是如此。
——奥德蕾·阿祖莱（Audrey Azoulay，联合国教科文组织总干事）
性别平等是确保文化表现形式真正多样性，以及在艺术工作和文化就业中实现机会均等的根本。然而，定性和定量数据显示，女性和性别多元的艺术家和创作者仍面临着诸多障碍，包括不能平等地获得体面的工作、公平的报酬，以及领导职位。
例如：在乌拉圭，据估计女性在公共和私营文化组织管理职位中占比25%，在黑山占比24%，在马里仅3%。在印度尼西亚，最新研究表明，虽然女性从业人员在整个电影业中不断前进，但她们担任创造性决策角色的比例仍然很低，仅占编剧的20%，制片人的19%和导演的7%。在法国，由文化部资助的视觉和表演艺术组织中有34%由女性领导，43%的博物馆由女性领导，然而在100家最大的文化企业中，女性领导人仅占9%。
该报告还审视了工作场所中所有性别的人的安全和福祉。女性和性别多元的艺术家和创意专业人士仍是骚扰、欺凌和虐待的目标。近年来，数字环境已成为争取性别平等和艺术自由的新领域。印度尼西亚“电影不该有毒”（Sinematik Gak Harus Toxic）运动的发起人拉赫曼（Lisabona Rahman）认为：“针对女性的普遍蔑视性态度是骚扰和虐待的根源，只要男性继续在行业中占据强势地位，异性恋正统主义持续存在，这种情况就不会消失。”
新冠疫情对性别平等的压倒性负面影响有据可查，从基于性别的暴力的增加，大量女童缺席在线课程，到女性专业人士难以获得社会和经济援助。尽管女性在应对危机方面发挥了关键作用，但性别不平等现象却已全面扩大。报告显示，由于女性在文化和其它受影响最严重的部门中所占的比例，如果不能在应对政策中系统地应用性别平等观点，新冠疫情可能会对文化和创意产业的性别平等产生持久的不利影响。
教科文组织致力于实现性别平等，与其会员国、公共、私营和民间社会合作伙伴共同实施充满活力的全球议程，在其专业领域内赋予妇女和女童权能。
该报告于联合国庆祝 “国际创意经济促进可持续发展年”之际发布。
联合国教科文组织《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》和1980年发布的《关于艺术家地位的建议书》为所有利益攸关者走上更平等的创意经济之路，实现所有人的艺术自由提供了指导。
瑞典政府为《性别与创造力：悬崖边的进步》报告的出版提供了支持：
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375706
媒体联系人：
Clare O’Hagan
c.o-hagan@unesco.org
+33(0)145681729
UNESCO reports persistent gender inequalities in cultural and creative industries
Gender & Creativity: Progress on the Precipice, a report launched by UNESCO on 4 June, highlights the need for policy measures to reach gender parity in the cultural and creative industries, despite recent progress in promoting gender equality.
The report explores existing, and at times widening, gender gaps in the field, notably in the context of COVID-19, and calls for a new commitment and transformative actions to promote gender equality. It also highlights innovative gender policies, measures and programmes from around the world that can serve as a model for policymakers.
The digital divide remains a pressing concern, with women disproportionately facing obstacles to access digital tools for artistic creation and distribution including digital music platforms, online tutorials, and sound-mixing software. For example, it is estimated that worldwide, 250 million fewer women than men use the Internet, and women still represent only 21% of performers in electronic music festivals in Europe and North America.
From the technological perspective, the digital gender divide is leaving women and girls behind in all areas of political, economic, cultural and social life, resulting in isolation and limited access to tools and reliable information. Achieving gender equality will mean overcoming these vulnerabilities, and this is especially so for women working in the cultural and creative sectors.
——Audrey Azoulay, UNESCO Director-General
Gender equality is fundamental to ensuring a genuine diversity of cultural expressions and equal opportunities in artistic work and cultural employment. However, qualitative and quantitative data reveals that women and gender diverse artists and creators continue to face numerous barriers, including unequal access to decent work, fair remuneration, and leadership positions.
In Uruguay, for example, it is estimated that women occupy 25% of managerial positions in public and private cultural organizations, 24% in Montenegro and only 3% in Mali. In Indonesia, a recent study shows that while female professionals are advancing in the film industry as a whole, they are still largely underrepresented in creative decision-making roles, representing only 20% of scriptwriters, 19% of producers and 7% of directors. In France, where women direct 34% of visual and performing arts organizations subsidized by the Ministry of Culture and 43% of museums, only 9% of directors of the 100 largest cultural enterprises are women.
The report also examines the safety and well-being of people of all genders in the workplace. Women and gender-diverse artists and creative professionals continue to be the targets of harassment, bullying and abuse. In recent years, the digital environment has become the new frontier in the fight for gender equality and artistic freedom. According to Lisabona Rahman, founder of the Sinematik Gak Harus Toxic (Cinema does not Need to be Toxic) campaign in Indonesia, “The prevailing demeaning attitude towards women is the source of harassment and abuse and as long as men continue to dominate powerful positions in the industry and perpetuate heteronormativity, it will not end.”
The overwhelmingly negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality is well-documented, from the rise in gender-based violence, disproportionate absence of girl children from online classes, to female professionals’ limited eligibility for social and economic assistance. Although women have played a key role in responding to the crisis, gender inequalities have widened across the board. According to the publication, without the systematic application of a gender perspective to policy responses, COVID-19 could have a long-lasting regressive effect on gender equality in the cultural and creative industries, as women are disproportionately represented in culture and other sectors most affected by the pandemic.
UNESCO is committed to gender equality and is working with its Member States, public, private and civil society partners to implement a dynamic global agenda that empowers women and girls across its fields of competence.
This report is published as the United Nations celebrates the International Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development.
The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and the 1980 Recommendation concerning the Status of the Artist provide guidance for all stakeholders to embark on the path to a more equal creative economy and achieve artistic freedom for all.
Gender & Creativity: Progress on the Precipice was produced with the support of the Government of Sweden:
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375706
Media contact:
Clare O’Hagan
c.o-hagan@unesco.org
+33(0)145681729
