（七）美方以芬太尼为由对华采取经贸限制措施无益于解决问题
7. US Use of Fentanyl as a Pretext to Impose Restrictive Economic and Trade Measures on China Is Not Helping to Solve Problems
2025年2月、3月，美方以芬太尼等问题为由，两次对中国输美产品全面加征关税，威胁取消对中国小额包裹免税政策。
In February and March 2025, citing fentanyl-related concerns, the US side increased tariffs across the board on Chinese products exported to the US twice and threatened to cancel the duty-free de minimis treatment.
4月2日，美方宣布自5月2日起取消对中国小额包裹免税政策。这种做法毫无根据，不仅解决不了自身问题，还会破坏中美经贸合作和正常的国际贸易秩序。
On April 2, the US side announced the end of duty-free de minimis treatment for covered goods from China starting May 2, 2025. These measures aregroundless and will not help solve internal problems in the US. Instead, they will damage China-US economic and trade cooperation and destabilize global trade.
美方对华指责罔顾事实。中国是世界上禁毒政策最严格、执行最彻底的国家之一，已经将芬太尼类药品纳入《麻醉药品品种目录》，对其生产、经营、使用和出口环节实行严格管制，迄今未发现此类药品在生产、流通环节流失案件。
The USaccusations against China have no factual basis. In terms of counternarcotics, China's policies and their implementation rank among the toughest in the world. China has enumerated fentanyl-related medications in the List of Controlled Narcotic Drugs and exercises strict control in terms of their manufacturing, sale, use, and export. To date, no cases of fentanyl-related medications disappearing in manufacturing or circulation have been detected in China.
Accusation n. 指责；指控；控告；(被告发、控告的)罪名，罪状
Enumerate /ɪˈnuːməreɪt/vt. 列举，枚举；数
国家药品监督管理局对芬太尼类药品的出口贸易实行许可证制度，在严格审核的基础上，主动与进口国主管部门开展国际核查，每批出口贸易均须经进口国主管部门确认合法性后，再核发麻醉药品出口准许证。
The National Medical Products Administration implements a permit system for the export of fentanyl-related medications. Based on strict examination and approval, it verifieswith and obtains confirmation of legality of the transaction from the competent authorities of the importing country for each exported shipment of narcotic drugs before issuing a permit for export.
2023年，中国出口芬太尼类药品总计9.766千克，主要出口至亚洲的韩国、越南、马来西亚、菲律宾和拉美地区的智利、巴拿马、哥伦比亚、巴拉圭以及欧洲的波兰、德国、法国等国家，未向北美地区出口过任何品种和任何剂型的芬太尼类药品。
In 2023, China exported 9.766 kilograms of fentanyl-related medications, mainly to Asian countries including the ROK, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines, Latin American countries including Chile, Panama, Colombia, and Paraguay, and European countries including Poland, Germany, and France. China has never exported any type of fentanyl-related medications in any form to North America.
中美双方开展了广泛、深入的禁毒合作，并取得显著成效。2019年4月1日，应美方请求，中国在本国并无规模性滥用情况下，本着人道主义善意，发布芬太尼类物质整类列管公告，并于当年5月1日起正式施行，成为全球范围内第一个对芬太尼类物质实施永久性整类列管的国家。
China and the US have conducted extensive, in-depth cooperation in counternarcotics and achieved significant progress. On April 1, 2019, in the spirit of humanity and on the request of the US side, China issued a statement announcing full control of fentanyl-related substances that came into effect from May 1, 2019, even though there is no evidence of widespread abuse of fentanyl-related substances in China. This made China the first country in the world to implement full and permanent control of fentanyl-related substances.
此后，中国公安部连续3年组织开展打击制贩芬太尼类物质等新型毒品犯罪专项行动。芬太尼类物质整类列管后，中国未再收到美方查获来自中国此类物质的通报。
The Ministry of Public Security of Chinasubsequently launched special campaigns for the next three years to combatthe illegal manufacturing and traffickingof fentanyl-related substances and other new drugs. Since implementing full control of fentanyl-related substances, China has not received any notification from the US that fentanyl-related substances from China have been detected.
美方对小额包裹免税的担忧毫无必要。美方宣称，小额包裹免税政策以及配套的简易通关安排可能冲击国内产业，造成税收流失、商品质量安全监管缺失等问题。这种担忧并没有现实依据。
The US concerns about duty-free de minimis treatment are not necessary. The US side claims that duty-free de minimis treatment and its corresponding convenient customs clearance arrangements could damage its domestic industries, and cause problems such as fiscal losses and lack of supervision over merchandisequality and safety. This concern has no practical basis.
Fiscal adj. 国库的；会计的，财政的
Merchandise /ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪs/ n. 商品, 货物vt. 买卖, 经营
首先，小额包裹免税政策对国内市场影响有限。消费者个人自国外购买自用物品是对个人消费的有益补充。尽管近年来全球零售包裹进口额增长较快，但总体规模相对有限，在全球贸易总额和社会零售总额中的占比仍较小，远未达到主导地位。
First, duty-free de minimis treatment has limited impact on the domestic market. Consumers' purchase of personal products from abroad is a helpful supplement to individual consumption. In recent years, global imports of retail packages have been increasing rapidly. However, the overall scale is far from dominant, representing a small share of total world trade and total retail sales.
其次，实施小额包裹免税政策能降低行政成本。小额免税政策下，海关可将更多资源集中在高价值商品和高风险货物的监管上，提升整体监管效能。如取消小额包裹免税政策，逐一查验小额包裹并征税将带来巨大的监管成本，极大地增加企业物流和通关成本。
Second, applying duty-free de minimis treatment can reduce administrative costs - customs can pool more resources in the supervision of high-value products and high-risk goods, reinforcingthe overall effectiveness of supervision. Eliminating duty-free de minimis treatment will add significant costs in checking and taxing low-value packages one by one, in supervision, in logistics and in customs clearance.
第三，小额包裹的产品质量安全有保障。大部分中国跨境电商平台均设有不少于30天的无理由退货期，消费者在期限内可无理由退货退款，甚至不退货、仅退款。这既是消费者权益的保障条款，更是跨境电商卖家严把产品质量关的督促条款。
Third, the quality and safety of products in low-value packages is guaranteed. Most Chinese cross-border e-commerce platforms allow no-fault return of goods within a minimum of 30 days of purchase. Within the time limit, consumers can return an item for a refund without giving reasons, or even get a refund without having to return the product. These provisions not only protect consumers' rights and interests, but also incentivizecross-border e-commerce merchantsto ensure product quality.
Incentivize /ɪnˈsɛntəˌvaɪz/ vt. 以物质刺激鼓励Merchant n. 商人
第四，高风险商品管控有效。中国出口的小额包裹商品主要是服装、电子产品、玩具等。在各国不断加强监管、提升技术手段的情况下，并无证据证明在来自中国的小包裹中发现违禁物品。
Fourth, high-risk products are effectively managed and controlled. Chinese products exported in low-value packages are mainly items such as clothing, electronic products, and toys. As supervision strengthens and technological means continue to advance in all countries, no evidence has emerged of any prohibited item found in low-value packages from China.
小额包裹免税政策顺应国际贸易发展趋势。世界海关组织建议各国海关设置关税最低起征点。世界贸易组织《贸易便利化协定》鼓励成员设置免于征收关税和国内税的微量货值或应纳税额。
The duty-free de minimis policy follows the trend of world trade development.The World Customs Organization suggests that the customs authorities of every country set a minimum tariff threshold. The WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation encourages members to provide for a de minimis shipment value or dutiable amount on which customs duties and taxes will not be collected.
全球绝大多数国家实施小额包裹免税政策，并简化相关商品通关流程。中国政府对于寄递进境的个人物品合并征收关税、增值税和消费税，应征税额在50元人民币以内的予以免征，政策取得良好成效。
The majority of countries in the world operate a duty-free de minimis policy and simplify customs clearance procedures.The Chinese government collects tariffs, VAT, and consumption tax on personal postal items entering China. However, personal postal articles will be exempt if tax liabilities do not exceed RMB50. This policy has worked well.
Exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ vt. 超过；超越vi. (在数量、质量上)突出，领先
——促进消费市场多元化。消费者能以更低价格购买来自世界各地的商品，丰富了购物选择。该政策具有满足消费者个性化需求、快速到货和节省费用等优势，提升了消费体验。以中国的天猫国际进口平台为例，截至2024年，该平台已覆盖超过4000个品牌、上百万种商品，涵盖食品、母婴用品、家居生活、时尚服饰等多个领域，且还在不断扩充。
- It promotes diversity in the consumer market. Consumers are able to buy an abundance of products from all over the world at lower prices. It meets consumers' personalized needs, achieves fast delivery and saves cost, thus improving the buying experience. Taking China's Tmall global import e-commerce platform as an example, by 2024 this platform had offered over 4,000 brands and more than a million products, covering sectors including food, maternal and child supplies, household goods, fashion, and clothing and accessories, and it is still growing.
Maternal /məˈtɜːrnl/ adj. 母亲的；母性的；母系的；母体遗传的
Accessory /əkˈsesəri/ n. 附件, 配件；同谋, 帮凶, 包庇犯
——助力更多中小微企业参与国际贸易。跨境电商是新质生产力的体现，减少贸易环节，降低贸易门槛。跨境电商零售业务直接连接中小微企业和消费者，为这些企业主体提供了更多贸易机会，扩大了贸易规模，优化了贸易结构。当前，中国跨境电商贸易主体超12万家，成为参与国际贸易的重要力量。
- It helps more micro, small and medium-sized enterprises engage in world trade. As a representative of new quality productive forces, cross-border e-commerce cuts trade procedures and lowers entry barriers. Cross-border e-commerce retail links micro, small and medium-sized enterprises directly to consumers, which provides more trade opportunities, expands trade volume, and streamlines trade structure. Currently, there are over 120,000 cross-border e-commerce trade entities in China, which are becoming a significant force in world trade.
——促进全球经济合作。跨境电商的快速发展为国际贸易注入了新的活力。该政策通过数字化平台和高效物流，有效降低贸易成本，有助于全球供应链更灵活地配置资源，进一步推动了全球经济的互联互通。中国跨境电商平台阿里巴巴国际站服务全球超过200个国家和地区的2600万活跃企业买家。企业通过平台对接全球供应商，灵活调整采购策略，分析不同市场需求，实现按需生产，提高资源利用效率。
- It facilitates global economic cooperation. The rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce has become a new driver for world trade. The policy reduces trading costs through digital platforms and highly efficient logistics, and helps global supply chains allocate resources more flexibly, thus further promoting interconnectivity of the world economy. China's cross-border e-commerce platform Alibaba.com provides services for 26 million active corporate buyers from over 200 countries and regions. Connected with suppliers worldwide through such platforms, enterprises are able to achieve flexible procurement strategies, multiple market demand analysis, on-demand manufacturing, and higher resource utilization efficiency.
