（四）美方301关税措施是典型的单边主义做法
4. Section 301 Tariff Measures Are a Prime Example of Unilateralism
美方301关税措施是典型的单边主义、保护主义做法，既严重破坏国际贸易秩序和全球产业链供应链安全稳定，也没有解决美国自身的贸易逆差和产业竞争力问题，还推高了美国进口商品价格，成本最终由美国企业和消费者承担。
The US Section 301 tariff measures are a classic example of unilateralism and protectionism. They seriously damage global trade order and the security and stability of global industrial and supply chains, fail to solve its problems such as the trade deficit and lack of industrial competitiveness, and increase the prices of imported products in the US to the detriment of US enterprises and consumers.
Detriment n. 损害, 伤害；造成损害的事物
近日，美方不仅未终止已有的301调查，反而提出就所谓非市场政策和做法对中方开展新的301调查，在错误的道路上越走越远。
In a recent development, rather than suspending its current Section 301 investigation, the US has been continuing down this misguided path by proposing a new Section 301 investigation into what it alleges are non-market policies and practices in China.
Allege /əˈledʒ/ vt. 宣称，断言；提出…作为理由
301关税不符合多边经贸规则。301关税严重违反世界贸易组织最基本、最核心的最惠国待遇、约束关税等规则。2018年4月，中国将美国征税措施起诉至世界贸易组织争端解决机制。
Section 301 tariffs are inconsistent with multilateral trade rules. They seriously violate the most fundamental and core rules of the WTO, including the MFN treatment and bound tariff rates. In April 2018, China brought a case regarding US tariff measures to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism.
2020年9月15日，世界贸易组织正式公布案件裁决，专家组全面支持中国的主张，认定美国仅针对中国产品加征关税，违反《1994年关税与贸易总协定》第1条的最惠国待遇义务。美国于2020年10月26日提出上诉。但因美国此前阻挠，上诉机构已陷入停摆，导致该案件处于上诉待审状态。
On September 15, 2020, a panel of WTO experts ruled that the US tariffs imposed on certain Chinese products violated the MFN obligation under Article I of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994. This ruling fully supported China's claims. The US filed an appeal on October 26, 2020. However, due to US obstruction, the WTO Appellate Body has been paralyzed, leaving the case in a state of pending appeal.
Paralyze vt. 使麻痹；使瘫痪
301关税无法解决美国的逆差问题。2018年以来，美国已经连续7年维持对华加征301关税。其间，美国整体的逆差并未因此下降，反而从2018年的9502亿美元升至2024年的12117.5亿美元。
Section 301 tariffs are unable to resolve US trade deficit. Since 2018, the US has imposed Section 301 tariffs on Chinese products for seven consecutive years. During this period, the overall US trade deficit has not decreased; instead, itsurged from US$950.2 billion in 2018 to more than US$1.21 trillion in 2024.
Consecutive adj. 连续的, 连贯的
美国希望通过对华加征关税来降低对华贸易依赖，实现进口来源多样化。中国是美国最大的进口来源国之一，这对美国而言并非坏事。新冠疫情期间，中国对美国出口的大量个人防护装备满足了美国抗疫需求，很多防疫产品的关税豁免一直延续至今。
The US hopes to reduce its trade dependence on China and diversify its import sources through imposing additional tariffs. The fact that China is one of the US's largest sources of imports is not necessarily detrimental to the latter. During the Covid-19 pandemic, China exported huge amounts of personal protective equipment to the US, significantly supporting the country's fight against the pandemic. Many tariff-exemptmeasures for these pandemic prevention products have continued to this day.
301关税严重损害了美国企业竞争力和消费者福利。301关税使得涉税商品的价格更加昂贵，相关成本大多由美国进口商、批发零售环节和消费者承担。2023年3月，美国国际贸易委员会发布232和301关税对美国内产业经济影响的报告显示，美对华加征的关税成本几乎100%由进口商承担。
