（二）美方泛化国家安全概念阻碍两国正常经贸合作
2. US Generalization of the Concept of National Security Hinders China-US Economic and Trade Cooperation
美国政府不断以国家安全为由，将经贸问题政治化，出台各类经贸限制政策和措施。限制范围持续扩大，制裁力度不断加强。2024年9月，美中贸易全国委员会发布的2024年《中国商业环境调查》显示，美国对华出口管制、制裁和投资审查成为美资企业在华面临的主要挑战之一。
The US government continues to politicize economic issues on the grounds of national security. It has introduced a variety of policies and measures to hinder economic and trade exchanges with China, with restrictions and sanctions constantly intensifying. The annual Member Survey report on China's business environment released by the US-China Business Council in September 2024 indicates that the United States' export controls, sanctions, and investment reviews targeting China have become one of the key challenges facing American companies in China.
Intensify vt. & vi. (使)增强, (使)加剧
贸易方面，美方宣称，持续存在的贸易逆差对美经济和国家安全构成严重威胁。
In terms of trade, the US side claims that the persistent trade deficitposes a serious threat to its economic and national security.
Pose a serious threat to对……构成严重威胁
美方还以国家安全为由，通过加强出口管制、扩大对华制裁、关闭美国市场等多种单边措施，频繁加强对中国集成电路以及通信企业的限制。
It repeatedly augmented restrictions by employing multiple unilateral measures such as export controls, expanded sanctions and denying market access of China's integrated circuits and telecommunications companies, citing national security as the excuse.
Cite……as the excuse以……为由
2025年1月，美国商务部发布《保障信息和通信技术与服务供应链安全：网联车》最终规则，称中国网联车软硬件及整车“不安全”，限制其进入美国市场；同月，美国商务部宣布对中国等国无人机系统启动信息通信技术与服务国家安全风险调查。
In January 2025, the USDOC issued a final rule on Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain: Connected Vehicles, which targets China's connected vehicles as well as related software and hardware as "unsafe" and restricts their entry into the US market. That same month, the USDOC announced the launch of a national security risk investigation into the information and communication technology and services of unmanned aerial systems from China and other countries.
美方还称将扩大有关信息通信技术与服务的调查范围，以涵盖所谓“对手国家”控制的先进技术。
The US side announced that it would expand the scope of investigation on information and communications technology and services to encompass the advanced technologies controlled by "foreign adversaries".
Encompass vt. 围绕；包围
Adversary /ˈædvərseri/ n. 对手, 敌手
投资方面，美方出台“外国投资风险评估现代化法”及其配套行政制度，扩大美国外国投资委员会的审查权，限制中国企业在关键技术、关键基础设施、敏感数据等领域的对美投资。
In terms of investment, the US issued the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act and established supporting administrative mechanisms, which expanded the authority of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the US and restricted Chinese investments in sectors such as critical technologies, key infrastructure, and sensitive data in the US.
2025年1月，美国对外投资审查最终规则生效，全面限制美国资金、企业投资中国半导体和微电子、人工智能和量子信息技术领域。
In January 2025, the final regulations restricting US outbound investments took effect, which comprehensively restrict US funds and companies from investing in China'ssemiconductor and microelectronics, quantum information technology, and AI sectors.
2月，美国发布“美国第一”投资政策备忘录，提出将美对华投资限制领域从半导体和微电子、量子信息技术和人工智能等领域扩大至生物技术、超高音速、航空航天、先进制造和定向能等领域，进一步加严中国对美国“战略行业”投资的限制。
In February, the US issued a Memorandum on America First Investment Policy, proposing to expand the scope of US outbound investment restrictions from these sectors to include biotechnology, hypersonics, aerospace, advanced manufacturing, and directed energy, among others. In addition, it calls for tighter restrictions on Chinese investments in US "strategic industries".
美方实施的一系列贸易和投资限制措施不仅增加企业合规成本，严重阻碍两国正常经贸合作，还影响全球产业链和供应链的稳定，严重破坏国际经贸秩序。
