五、单边主义、保护主义损害双边经贸关系发展

V. Unilateralism and Protectionism Undermine China-US Economic and Trade Relations

美国作为二战结束后国际经济秩序和多边贸易体制的主要建立者和参与者，本应带头遵守多边贸易规则，在世界贸易组织框架下通过争端解决机制妥善处理与其他世界贸易组织成员之间的贸易摩擦，

As a key builder and participant of the international economic order and multilateral trading regimeafter World War II, the US should take the lead in observing multilateral trade rules and properly handle trade friction with other WTO members through the dispute settlement mechanismwithin the WTO framework.

但美近年来奉行单边主义和经济霸权主义，搞所谓“小院高墙”“脱钩断链”，四面出击挑起经贸摩擦，不仅损害了中国和其他世界贸易组织成员利益，更损害了美国自身国际形象，动摇了全球多边贸易体制根基，最终必将损害美国长远利益。

However, in recent years, the US has resorted to unilateralism and economic hegemony, adopted approaches of "small yard, high fence" and decoupling and severing supply chains, and provoked international trade friction around the world. This has not only undermined the interests of China and other WTO members, but also jeopardized the international reputation of the US itself. And above all, the US has shaken the foundations of the global multilateral trading regime, which will ultimately damage the long-term interests of the US.

Hegemony /hɪ'dʒɛmoni/ n. 霸权；领导权；盟主权

Decouple vt. 减弱震波n. 去耦

Sever /ˈsevər/ vt. 切断；断绝vi. 断，裂

Provoke vt. 激起；惹怒

Jeopardize /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ vt. 危及, 损害

（一）取消中国永久正常贸易关系地位损害中美经贸关系根基

1. Rescinding China's Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status Undermines the Foundation of China-US Economic and Trade Relations

2025年4月，美国白宫发布“美国第一”贸易政策报告执行摘要，称已详细评估国会关于取消中国永久正常贸易关系地位的法案，并据此向总统提出建议。

In April 2025, the White House issued the Report on the America First Trade Policy Executive Summary, which carefully reviewed legislative proposals related to China's PNTR status and advised the president accordingly.

事实上，永久正常贸易关系地位（即永久给予最惠国待遇）是中美经贸关系的核心基础，如果美国推动取消中国最惠国待遇，将违反世界贸易组织规则，严重破坏中美关系和全球经贸秩序，是典型的单边主义和贸易保护主义做法。

The PNTR status, or granting the Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment permanently, is the ballast of China-US economic and trade relations. The US push to revoke China's PNTR status represents a clear instance of unilateralism and trade protectionist practices, which violates WTO rules and undermines China-US relations and the global economic order.

【Tip20】永久正常贸易关系Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) 最惠国Most Favored Nation (MFN)

取消最惠国待遇严重违反世界贸易组织规则。世界贸易组织规则要求世界贸易组织成员无条件地给予其他世界贸易组织成员最惠国待遇，这一要求具有法律强制约束力。

Revocation of China's MFN status violates WTO rules. The relevant WTO rules require its members to unconditionally grant MFN treatment to all other WTO members, a requirement that has binding legal force.

Binding n. 捆绑；装订；粘合物adj. 捆绑的；有约束力的

2018年，美国政府单方面根据其国内法，宣布对中国有关产品加征301关税，随后又相继在投资、技术出口等领域对中国采取一系列严格的单方面限制措施。

In 2018, based on its domestic laws, the US government unilaterally announced the impositionof Section 301 tariffs on certain Chinese products. Subsequently, it adopted a series of strict unilateral restrictive measures against China in areas such as investment and technology exports.

Imposition n. 强加，被迫接受；过分的要求,不合理的负担；税收

美国的相关做法违反世界贸易组织最惠国待遇的要求，其中，301加征关税措施已被世界贸易组织专家组裁决违规。

Such practices violate the WTO's MFN principle. Among these, the imposition of Section 301 tariffs has been ruled to contravene relevant rules by the WTO dispute settlement panel.

Contravene /ˌkɑːntrəˈviːn/ vt. 取消，违反

取消最惠国待遇的做法，无论是通过美国国会立法还是采取其他任何国内法律手段，都直接违反美国在世界贸易组织下应承担的义务，是赤裸裸的单边主义和贸易保护主义。

Any move to revoke China's MFN status, whether through legislation by the US Congressor based on any existing domestic laws, directly violates US obligations under the WTO, which is a clear manifestationof unilateralism and trade protectionism.

Manifestation /ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn/ n. 显示；表现；示威运动

【Tip21】US Congress 美国国会

取消最惠国待遇严重破坏中美经贸关系和全球经贸秩序稳定。永久正常贸易关系是20多年来中美经贸关系稳定的基础，对中美两国间经贸往来乃至全球经济发展均具有深远和积极的影响。

Revocation of China's MFN status undermines China-US economic and trade relations and destabilizes the global economic order. Over the past two decades, PNTR has served as the stabilizer for China-US economic and trade relations, and has played a far-reaching, positive role in promoting economic exchanges not only between the two countries but even in global economic growth.

取消永久正常贸易关系，将使中美经贸关系重新回到2001年中国加入世界贸易组织以前缺乏确定性和可预期性的状态，甚至将导致中美经济“脱钩断链”。

Revoking China's PNTR status will bring China-US economic and trade relations back to the uncertainty and unpredictability that preceded China's accession to the WTO in 2001. Even worse, it may lead to economic decoupling between the two countries.

取消最惠国待遇，将大幅恶化中美经贸环境，服务贸易、知识产权、双向投资、技术管制、人员往来等其他各经贸领域也将受到影响。

The revocation of MFN status will significantly worsen China-US economic and trade environment. Economic and trade sectors such as trade in services, intellectual property protection, two-way investment, technology export controls, and exchange of personnel will also be affected.

此外，取消一个世界贸易组织成员的最惠国待遇，将从根本上破坏世界贸易组织最惠国待遇原则，动摇以非歧视为基本价值取向的多边贸易体制的基础，将对多边贸易体制和全球经贸秩序造成严重破坏。

Moreover, the action of repealing the MFN treatment of a WTO member will fundamentally undermine the WTO's MFN principle and destabilize the multilateral trading system that has non-discrimination as the cornerstone, thereby causing serious damage to the multilateral trading regime and the global economic order.

中国坚决反对以单边主义、保护主义破坏多边贸易体制。以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制是国际贸易的基石，是人类文明发展的重要成果之一，而最惠国待遇是多边贸易体制的一项基本原则。

China opposes any unilateralist and protectionist acts that sabotage the multilateral trading system.The multilateral trading system, with the WTO at its core, is the cornerstone of international trade and one of the important outcomes of human progress. MFN treatment is a basic principle within this system.

Sabotage /ˈsæbətɑːʒ/ vt. 妨害；对…采取破坏行动vi. 从事破坏活动n. 破坏；怠工；破坏活动

中国始终坚定支持和维护多边贸易体制。历史和现实表明，以规则为基础的多边贸易体制符合各国共同利益，单边主义、保护主义破坏全球产业链、供应链和价值链，威胁世界经济稳定和发展。

China has always firmly supported and upheld the multilateral trading regime. Both history and reality have shown that the rules-based multilateral trading system meets the common interests of all countries, while unilateralism and protectionism undermine global industrial, supply, and value chains, and threaten the stability and development of the global economy.

中国一贯反对以单边主义、保护主义破坏多边贸易体制的做法，希望美国正视取消最惠国待遇可能带来的恶劣影响，与广大世界贸易组织成员相向而行，共同维护公正合理的国际经贸秩序和国际贸易环境。

China has consistentlyopposed any unilateralist or protectionist action that could sabotage the multilateral trading system. It is hoped that the US will be clearly aware of the possible harm caused by its attempt to revoke China's MFN status, and work constructively with the overwhelming majorityof WTO members in safeguarding a fair and reasonable global economic and trade order and environment.