循环经济是一种经济模式，旨在最大限度地减少资源消耗和废物排放，通过最大限度地重复利用资源来实现可持续发展。它与传统的“线性经济模式”相对，后者是指生产、消费、处理和丢弃产品的线性流程。循环经济通过促进产品的再利用、再循环和再生产，以及通过设计和技术创新来减少资源使用，实现资源的最大化利用率。这种经济模式不仅可以减少环境影响，还可以提高企业的竞争力，并创造就业机会。
Circular economy is an economic model that aims to minimize resource consumption and waste emissions and achieve sustainable development by maximizing resource reuse. It contrasts with the traditional “linear economic model,” which refers to a linear process of producing, consuming, disposing of, and discarding products. The circular economy achieves maximum utilization of resources by promoting the reuse, recycling and reproduction of products, as well as reducing resource use through design and technological innovation. This economic model not only reduces environmental impact, but also improves the competitiveness of corporations and creates jobs.
企业正在采用循环经济来促进可持续性和经济效益，从而满足消费者需求。在这里，我们选出了几个案例来更好的了解循环经济。
Corporations are adopting the circular economy to promote sustainability and economic efficiency to meet consumer demands. Here, we have selected several cases to better understand the circular economy.
阿迪达斯的可持续三环
Adidas’ three rings of sustainability
阿迪达斯设计的可持续“三环”分别是回收环、再造环和生态环。第一个循环涉及回收塑料垃圾，第二个循环涉及设计可以重新制作的鞋子，第三个循环侧重于再生，阿迪达斯的目标是使用可生物降解的材料，这些材料将自然分解到周围环境中。
The sustainable "three rings" designed by Adidas are recycling ring, reclamation ring and ecological ring. The first cycle involves recycling plastic waste, the second involves designing shoes that can be remade, and the third cycle focuses on regeneration, with Adidas aiming to use biodegradable materials that will naturally break down into the surrounding environment.
2024年阿迪达斯开始转向回收材料使我们能够重复使用已经生产的材料。这有助于我们实现减少使用地球资源和降低产品碳足迹的目标。自2024年起，阿迪达斯尽可能用再生聚酯替换原生聚酯。此外，阿迪达斯还在鞋类中使用橡胶和EVA等回收材料，在服装中使用回收聚酰胺。
In 2024 adidas begins to shift to recycled materials allowing us to reuse materials that have already been produced. This helps us achieve our goals of using less of the earth’s resources and lowering the carbon footprint of our products. Starting in 2024, Adidas will replace virgin polyester with recycled polyester wherever possible. In addition, Adidas also uses recycled materials such as rubber and EVA in its footwear and recycled polyamide in its clothing.
2017年，阿迪达斯设定了一个长远目标，即到2024年底，在所有解决方案可用的产品中，用再生聚酯替换所有原生聚酯。截止到2023年，我们使用的所有聚酯中有99%（2022年:96%）被回收利用。
In 2017, Adidas set a long-term goal to replace all virgin polyester with recycled polyester in all products where the solution is available by the end of 2024. By 2023, 99% (2022: 96%) of all polyester we use will be recycled.
2023年再生聚酯的份额
Share of recycled polyester in 2023
图源：Adidas官网
Source: Adidas official website
阿迪达斯2023产品主要材料类型的选择
Selection of main material types for Adidas 2023 products
图源：Adidas官网
Source: Adidas official website
除了循环产品之外，阿迪达斯近几年还进行了几次循环服务试点，例如全球商店的运动鞋清洗、租赁和回收计划。2023年，阿迪达斯专注于修复主题，以延长产品寿命。我们在慕尼黑的Terrex商场维持维修服务，并在柏林的新概念商场开展租赁项目试点。
In addition to recycling products, Adidas has also conducted several pilot recycling services in recent years, such as sneaker cleaning, rental and recycling programs in stores around the world. In 2023, Adidas focuses on repair themes to extend product life. We maintain maintenance services at the Terrex mall in Munich and launch a pilot rental project at a new concept mall in Berlin.
在生态环节，阿迪达斯使用新的环保材料。2023年，阿迪达斯推出采用新技术（“LanzaTech”）材料的产品，该技术可将温室气体转化为聚酯原料。废气来自工业排放并发酵成乙醇，乙醇是制造聚酯所需的元素之一。这些元素替代了用化石燃料原料制成的传统构件。
In the ecological aspect, Adidas uses new environmentally friendly materials. In 2023, Adidas launches products using new technology ("LanzaTech") materials that convert greenhouse gases into polyester raw materials. The waste gas comes from industrial emissions and is fermented into ethanol, one of the elements needed to make polyester. These elements replace traditional building blocks made from fossil fuel raw materials.
宜家
IKEA
宜家产品在循环经济中的流程：创意和材料采购到产品在顾客家中的使用，再回到循环流程以进行再利用或回收。其正在努力消除浪费，循环利用产品和材料，并不再使用原始的不可再生材料。
The flow of IKEA products in the circular economy: from the sourcing of ideas and materials to the use of the products in customers’ homes, and back to the circular flow for reuse or recycling. It is working to eliminate waste, recycle products and materials, and no longer use virgin, non-renewable materials.
产品开发是宜家价值链的起点，遵循民主设计理念，宜家从产品开发之初就将可持续性考虑在内，并朝着让产品更可循环的方向而努力。
Product development is the starting point of IKEA's value chain. Following the concept of democratic design, IKEA takes sustainability into consideration from the beginning of product development and works towards making products more recyclable.
宜家重点关注所用材料的可再生、可回收属性，并对循环材料的使用进行不断的探索与创新，以期发挥其最大的循环能力。“在我们看来，从开发伊始便全‘绿’以赴，这对于降低产品全生命周期的碳排放有着非比寻常的意义。”宜家产品开发中心东亚区董事总经理董朝兴表示，“目前，宜家60%的产品都基于可再生材料制成。以再生涤纶为例，一直以来，市面上广泛应用的再生回收涤纶纱线主要由塑料瓶制成，而我们在工作中发现，宜家的一个合作伙伴研发出一项创新技术，可对纺织品制造过程中产生的涤纶废料进行回收再造，重新制成涤纶纱线并再次用于生产。正是得益于这项技术突破，我们真正实现了涤纶纺织品的循环闭环，而且此项技术已经被我们应用到了床品、家用纺织品以及地毯等新产品的开发中。”
IKEA focuses on the renewable and recyclable properties of the materials used, and continuously explores and innovates the use of recycled materials in order to maximize its recycling capabilities. "In our view, going all-green from the beginning of development is of extraordinary significance in reducing carbon emissions throughout the product's life cycle." Dong Chaoxing, managing director of the East Asia Region of the IKEA Product Development Center, said, "Currently, 60% of IKEA's products are based on renewable materials. Take recycled polyester as an example. The recycled polyester yarn widely used on the market has been mainly made of plastic bottles. In our work, we found that an IKEA cooperation Partners have developed an innovative technology that recycles polyester waste generated during the textile manufacturing process into polyester yarn and reuses it in production. It is thanks to this technological breakthrough that we have truly achieved the goal of polyester textiles The cycle is closed, and this technology has been applied to the development of new products such as bedding, home textiles and carpets."
据介绍，到2030年，宜家的目标是：能够在开发阶段，定义所有产品的生命周期，所生产的产品只使用可再生或可回收材料，并且提供100%可循环产品。
According to reports, IKEA's goal by 2030 is to be able to define the life cycle of all products during the development stage, produce products using only renewable or recyclable materials, and provide 100% recyclable products.
宜家产品在循环经济中的流程
The process of IKEA products in the circular economy
图源：宜家2023年可持续发展报告
Source: IKEA 2023 Sustainability Report
三星
Samsung
三星近年来深度践行环保事业，不仅在塑造产品体验上追求高品质，而且还把环保理念融入到产品中。为了更好地实现绿色低碳发展的目标，三星推动再生塑料的应用和回收材料的利用，其推出的Neo QLED 8K电视及遥控器就是采用了回收树脂来制成。
Samsung has been deeply practicing environmental protection in recent years. It not only pursues high quality in shaping product experience, but also integrates environmental protection concepts into its products. In order to better achieve the goal of green and low-carbon development, Samsung promotes the application of recycled plastics and the use of recycled materials. Its Neo QLED 8K TV and remote control are made of recycled resin.
在三星的手机产品中，我们也能够发现许多可回收材料，在三星“Galaxy for the Planet”计划中，选用废弃渔网作材料，将其通过转化后作为智能手机的一部分。例如三星Galaxy S23系列手机在利用回收海洋材料的同时，还采用了可回收铝材、再生玻璃等。三星Galaxy S23系列应用的Corning® Gorilla® Glass Victus® 2玻璃，就含有22%的消费前再生玻璃；通过重新设计的包装盒也采用了100%的再生纸，进一步实现了循环经济。此外，在三星全新推出的三星Galaxy S24系列智能手机中，机身内部和外部都采用了含有再生塑料、玻璃和铝等材质的组件，并首次选用了含有再生钴、再生稀土元素，以及再生钢材和热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）材料的部件。
We can also find many recyclable materials in Samsung’s mobile phone products. In Samsung’s “Galaxy for the Planet” plan, discarded fishing nets are used as materials and converted into part of smartphones. For example, the Samsung Galaxy S23 series mobile phones not only use recycled ocean materials, but also use recyclable aluminum, recycled glass, etc. The Corning® Gorilla® Glass Victus® 2 used in the Samsung Galaxy S23 series contains 22% pre-consumer recycled glass; the redesigned packaging box also uses 100% recycled paper, further achieving a circular economy. In addition, in Samsung’s new Samsung Galaxy S24 series of smartphones, components containing recycled plastics, glass, and aluminum are used both inside and outside the fuselage, and for the first time, materials containing recycled cobalt, recycled rare earth elements, and recycled steel are used and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials.
此外，三星还计划于2030年实现产品中50%的塑料零件含有可回收树脂，并于2050年将这一占比增加至100%，在整个产品生命周期内提升资源的可循环性。
In addition, Samsung also plans to achieve 50% of plastic parts in products containing recycled resin in 2030, and increase this proportion to 100% in 2050 to improve the recyclability of resources throughout the product life cycle.
循环经济与可持续发展的关系
The relationship between circular economy and sustainable development
企业是发展循环经济的主体。企业发展循环经济不仅是时代所需，环境所迫，对于实现经济，社会和环境的协调发展也具有重要意义，是企业坚持可持续发展道路的必然选择。
Corporations are the main body in developing circular economy. The development of circular economy by corporations is not only the need of the times but also the pressure of the environment. It is also of great significance for achieving the coordinated development of economy, society and environment. It is an inevitable choice for corporations to adhere to the path of sustainable development.
企业通过向循环经济的转变可以带来相当大的经济效益。例如，减少包装废物和降低二氧化碳可以吸引和留住客户，并在整个业务和供应链中实现效率和价值节约。
Corporations can bring considerable economic benefits by transitioning to a circular economy. For example, reducing packaging waste and lowering CO2 can attract and retain customers and enable efficiencies and value savings across the business and supply chain.
有基金会报告指出，通过采用循环经济原则，到2030年，全欧洲的企业将分享1.8万亿欧元的净收益，比目前的线性发展路径多出0.9万亿欧元。
A foundation report pointed out that by adopting circular economy principles, corporations across Europe will share a net income of 1.8 trillion euros by 2030, which is 0.9 trillion euros more than the current linear development path.
欧盟表示，在美国，只有5%的塑料包装材料的价值留在经济中。剩下的在短暂的第一次使用后就会丢失。塑料包装材料每年的账单在700亿到1050亿欧元之间，企业可以通过循环经济的方法将这些资金转移到其他项目上，比如帮助应对气候变化。
The EU says that in the United States, only 5% of the value of plastic packaging materials remains in the economy. The rest will be lost after a brief first use. Plastic packaging materials have an annual bill of between 70 billion and 105 billion euros, and corporations can divert these funds to other projects, such as helping to combat climate change, through a circular economy approach.
此外，循环经济战略还可以让企业预测和避免更严格监管的财务惩罚，比如2022年英国塑料税和生产者责任延伸改革(EPR)。
In addition, a circular economy strategy can also allow corporations to predict and avoid the financial penalties of stricter regulations, such as the UK plastics tax and Extended Producer Responsibility reform (EPR) in 2022.
EFC环一 | 专注可持续发展的全球化科技服务公司
核心业务 | ESG与法规合规 安全与应急管理 环境与可持续发展 星河学园
EFC环一可持续发展实验室
一个创新型实验室，专注于可持续发展各项议题的服务创新、产业链创新、产品创新。成员来自金融、可持续发展、工商管理、环境科学、机械工程等不同的专业，拥有的资质包括CESGA认证ESG分析师、B Consultants 中国共益咨询师、TRUE Advisor 废弃物零填埋认证顾问、CISI英国特许证券协会ESG证、CFA ESG 特许金融分析师协会ESG投资证书。
