Attend any business conference or open any management book and an encounter with some variation of the same message is almost guaranteed:参加任何商务会议或打开任何管理学书籍，几乎肯定会遇到类似的信息: the pace of change in business is accelerating, and no one is safe from disruption.商业变革的步伐正在加快，没有人能幸免于颠覆。 Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have left many corporate Goliaths nervously anticipating David's sling,最近人工智能的突破让许多企业巨头紧张地期待着大卫投石机， and fearing the same fate as Kodak and Blockbuster, two giants felled by the digital revolution.还担心会有与柯达和百视达一样的命运——这两家巨头都被数字革命打倒了。 "The Innovator's Dilemma", a seminal book from 1997 by Clayton Christensen, a management guru,《创新者的困境》是管理学大师克莱顿·克里斯滕森于1997年出版的一本开创性著作， observed that incumbents hesitate to pursue radical innovations that would make their products or services cheaper or more convenient,书里观察到，现任者不愿追求激进的创新，使其产品或服务更便宜或方便， for fear of denting the profitability of their existing businesses.因为担心削弱他们现有业务的盈利能力。 In the midst of technological upheaval, that creates an opening for upstarts unencumbered by such considerations.在技术剧变中，这为不受此类考虑阻碍的初创公司创造了一个机会。 Yet America Inc has experienced surprisingly little competitive disruption during the internet age.然而，美国公司在互联网时代几乎没有中断过竞争。 Incumbents appear to have become more secure, not less.现任者似乎变得更安全了，而不是更不安全了。 And there is good reason to believe they will remain on their perches.而且，我们有充分的理由相信，它们将继续占据主导地位。 Consider the Fortune 500, America's largest firms by revenue, ranging from Walmart to Wells Fargo and accounting for roughly a fifth of employment,想想财富500强，那些美国收入最高的公司，从沃尔玛到富国银行，约占就业人数的五分之一， half of sales and two-thirds of profits.销售额的半壁江山和利润的三分之二。 The Economist has examined the age of each firm, taking into account mergers and spin-offs that make the group look artificially young.《经济学人》对每家公司的年龄进行了调查，也考虑到合并和分拆使集团看起来更年轻的因素了。 素材来源：The Ecnomist
