构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系：中国的理念、倡议与行动
（2026年6月）
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
More Just and Equitable Global Governance: China’s Principles, Proposals and Actions
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
June 2026
目录
前言
一、当今世界面临严峻复杂的危机挑战
（一）日益严峻的挑战呼唤更加有效的治理
（二）丛林法则严重冲击国际法治
（三）弥补治理体系短板势在必行
（四）全球南方声音需要更多倾听
二、全球治理倡议为破解难题提供时代答案
（一）奉行主权平等
（二）遵守国际法治
（三）践行多边主义
（四）倡导以人为本
（五）注重行动导向
三、推进全球治理事业的中国贡献
（一）致力于普遍安全、共同安全
（二）促进开放合作、共同发展
（三）坚定践行真正的多边主义
（四）支持全球南方发挥更大作用
（五）促进文明交流互鉴
（六）为国际社会提供更多公共产品
四、引领变革方向，迈向光明前景
（一）凝聚完善全球治理的广泛共识
（二）体现胸怀天下的格局担当
（三）拓展构建人类命运共同体的实践路径
（四）开辟人类政治文明的新境界
五、在历史演进的重大关头携手前行
（一）为天下计，为万世谋
（二）坚定信心，迎难而上
（三）团结起来，行动起来
结束语
前言
Preface
全球治理是关乎人类福祉的共同事业，构建公正合理的全球治理体系是各国人民孜孜以求的共同愿景。
Global governance is a common endeavor that bears on the wellbeing of all humanity, and building a just and equitable global governance system is a shared vision long pursued by people from across the world.
80多年前，联合国的创立为各国对话协商处理国际事务搭建了多边合作平台，确立了国际法治规则，开创了全球治理的崭新实践。冷战结束后，世界多极化、经济全球化进程加速，以协调合作为基石的全球治理理念日益深入人心。但一段时间以来，单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义肆意横行，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、信任赤字持续扩大，如何改革完善全球治理、破解难题挑战，切实发挥联合国的核心作用，成为攸关人类前途命运的重大问题。
Over 80 years ago, the United Nations (UN) was founded as a multilateral platform for countries to address international affairs through dialogue and consultation. It established international rules underpinning the rule of law, ushering in a new phase in global governance. After the Cold War, multipolarization and economic globalization began to gain momentum, and the concept of global governance grounded in coordination and cooperation was widely endorsed. In recent times, however, unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism have been spreading unchecked, while deficits in peace, development, security, and trust continue to expand. Reforming and improving global governance to resolve these challenges and letting the UN play a core role have thus become a critical topic for the future of humanity.
中国始终是全球治理的积极参与者、贡献者和建设者。新时代以来，习近平主席历史性提出构建人类命运共同体重大理念，倡导共商共建共享的全球治理观，主张践行真正的多边主义，推动平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化。2025年，在世界反法西斯战争胜利和联合国成立80周年的关键历史节点，习近平主席郑重提出全球治理倡议，为解答“构建什么样的全球治理体系、如何改革完善全球治理”的时代命题提供了中国方案。
China has always been an active participant in, contributor to, and builder of global governance. In the new era, President Xi Jinping put forward the vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity. In promoting a global governance system characterized by extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit, he has called for true multilateralism to foster an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization. In 2025, at a pivotal historical juncture marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Global War Against Fascism and the founding of the UN, President Xi proposed a new initiative, the Global Governance Initiative (GGI). The GGI is designed to offer a Chinese solution to the two pressing questions of the era: what kind of global governance system should be established, and how global governance can be reformed and improved.
全球治理倡议一经提出，迅速得到近160个国家和国际组织支持响应，60多个国家踊跃加入“全球治理之友小组”。国际社会认为，全球治理倡议发出了高举多边主义旗帜、汇聚团结力量、追求公平未来的明确信号，顺应了国际关系民主化的时代潮流，提振了国际社会践行多边主义的坚定信心，给出了完善全球治理清晰可行的路径方案，为动荡不安的世界注入宝贵的稳定性和正能量。
Upon its introduction, it swiftly gained support from nearly 160 countries and international organizations, with over 60 countries joining the Group of Friends of Global Governance. The international community believes that the GGI sends a clear signal: uphold multilateralism, unite forces, and pursue a fair future. The GGI aligns with the growing trend towards greater democracy in international relations and bolsters international confidence in practicing multilateralism. It offers a clear and feasible roadmap for improving global governance, bringing valuable stability and positive energy to a turbulent world.
中国提出全球治理倡议，旨在推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系。落实全球治理倡议，最根本的是坚定维护联合国的权威和地位，最关键的是大国展现责任担当，最需要的是各国团结合作，最紧迫的是弥补和平与发展赤字。必须毫不动摇地维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序，维护以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，而不是另起炉灶。
China has proposed the GGI to expedite the building of a more just and equitable global governance system. Resolutely upholding the UN’s authority and status is fundamental to the effective implementation of this initiative. Success will also hinge on major countries bearing a sense of responsibility, and on all nations uniting and cooperating to address deficits in peace and development. All countries should firmly uphold the international system with the UN at its core, safeguard the international order based on international law, and uphold the basic norms governing international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, instead of reinventing the wheel.
为介绍中国关于全球治理的理念、倡议和行动，更广泛凝聚国际社会共识，更有效应对全球性挑战，构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，中国政府特发布本白皮书。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to introduce China’s principles, proposals and actions in global governance, foster broader consensus within the international community, ensure more effective responses to global challenges, and build a more just and equitable global governance system.
一、当今世界面临严峻复杂的危机挑战
I. The World Today Faces Severe and Complex Challenges
我们生活的时代正经历百年未有之大变局，人类和平与发展事业任重道远。二战后建立起来的国际体系受到多重危机的严重冲击，全球治理处在不进则退的关键当口，世界比以往任何时候都更需要重振多边主义，更需要坚守规则法治，更需要提升治理效能。
Our world has entered an era marked by profound change on a scale unseen in a century. The pursuit of peace and development remains a daunting challenge. The international system established after World War II has been severely disrupted by multiple crises, placing global governance at a critical crossroads. Progress is imperative; failure to advance risks falling behind. Now, more than ever, the world needs to revitalize multilateralism, uphold the rule of law, and ensure more efficient governance.
（一）日益严峻的挑战呼唤更加有效的治理
1. Growing Challenges Call for More Effective Governance
当前，国际形势变的深度史所罕见、乱的烈度更加突出，国际政治经济纷争加剧，很多矛盾掀开盖子，各种“黑天鹅”“灰犀牛”层出不穷，人类文明的航船驶入遍布暗礁和风暴的危险水域。
Currently, the international landscape is undergoing profound changes on an unprecedented scale, with turmoil and upheaval more intense and pronounced. Political and economic disputes worldwide are escalating, revealing deep-seated conflicts, while “black swan” and “grey rhino” events keep emerging continually. The ship of human civilization has entered dangerous waters with hidden reefs and violent storms.
地缘矛盾日趋激化，武装冲突多点爆发。乌克兰危机进入第5个年头，中东战事外溢扩大，多个热点问题延宕难解。全球和平指数持续恶化，2025年武装冲突数量创二战结束以来新高，50多个国家直接卷入冲突战乱。全球军费开支急剧扩大，军国主义沉渣泛起，核扩散、“核共享”敲响警钟，国际安全处于脆弱时刻。
Geopolitical tensions are intensifying, with armed conflicts erupting in multiple regions. The Ukraine crisis has entered its fifth year, hostilities in the Middle East are spilling over and spreading, and multiple hotspot issues remain unresolved. The Global Peace Index continues to decline: in 2025, the number of armed conflicts reached a new high after World War II, with more than 50 countries directly embroiled in conflict or war. Global military spending has surged, militarism has resurfaced, and nuclear proliferation and “nuclear sharing” continue to pose a grave threat, leaving international security in a precarious state.
世界经济碎片化加剧，发展进程严重受阻。经济全球化遭遇逆流，筑墙设垒、“脱钩断链”、滥施关税扰乱世界经济运行。联合国2030年可持续发展议程落实严重滞后，近八成具体目标进展迟缓甚至出现倒退，全球超过8.3亿人处于极端贫困状态，23亿人处于粮食不安全状态，南北鸿沟、贫富分化持续拉大。
Global economic fragmentation is exacerbating, significantly hindering development. Economic globalization is facing strong headwinds, as some countries erect fences and barriers, pursue decoupling, sever industrial supply chains, and impose unilateral tariffs, disrupting the global economic order. Overall progress in the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has lagged far behind, with nearly 80 percent of assessable targets progressing slowly or even regressing. More than 830 million people worldwide still live in extreme poverty while 2.3 billion suffer from food insecurity, and the North-South divide and wealth gap continue to widen.
新型挑战接踵而至，多重危机交织叠加。气候转型面临困境，数字鸿沟持续扩大，人工智能滥用引发安全风险，粮食和能源安全挑战加剧，恐怖主义、网络攻击、跨国犯罪、生物安全等非传统安全威胁上升，人类社会需要共同面对的问题更加复杂多元。
New challenges are arising in quick succession, with multiple crises intertwining and accumulating. The transition to a climate-resilient future is fraught with difficulties, the digital divide is deepening, and the misuse of artificial intelligence poses new security risks. Challenges to food and energy security are also intensifying, and non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, cyberattacks, transnational crime, and biosecurity risks are on the rise. The issues that human society must collectively address are becoming increasingly complex and diverse.
宇宙只有一个地球，人类共有一个家园。各国不是各自乘坐在190多条小船上，而是共同乘坐在一条命运与共的大船上，唯有同舟共济、守望相助，才能穿越全球性挑战的风浪，驶向更加美好的未来。
The universe has only one Earth, which is the shared home of all humanity. Countries are not riding separately in some 190 small boats, but aboard a single giant ship of shared future. Only by working together and supporting one another can we navigate through the storms of global challenges and sail towards a brighter future.
（二）丛林法则严重冲击国际法治
2. The Law of the Jungle Seriously Undermines the International Rule of Law
在两次世界大战废墟上建立起来的联合国大厦为人类和平与发展遮风挡雨，联合国宪章奠定了全球治理的制度基石。历史只能前进而不能倒退，血与火的教训必须深刻汲取，丛林法则的重演必须全力避免。
Built upon the ruins of the two world wars, the UN serves as a shelter for peace and development, and its Charter laid the institutional cornerstone for global governance. History can only move forward, not backward; we must draw lessons from the bloodshed and fires of war of the past and prevent a return to the law of the jungle at all costs.
单边主义、霸权主义危害深重，公然践踏国际法和国际关系基本准则。个别国家以大欺小、恃强凌弱，对主权国家悍然动用武力；搞本国优先、双重标准，出于一己之私挑战国际公义；拼凑各种小集团、小圈子，在21世纪重演挑动分裂对抗、划分势力范围的旧剧本，成为当今世界最大乱源。
Unilateralism and hegemonism cause only grave harm, openly trampling upon international law and the basic norms governing international relations. By bullying the small and weak and brazenly wielding force against sovereign states, certain countries have shown they prioritize their national interests above all else, applying double standards and challenging international justice for their own selfish gain. These nations gang up to form exclusive groups and blocs, inciting division and confrontation and carving spheres of influence today – in the 21st century – as they did in centuries gone by. By so doing they have become the major source of global turbulence.
逆全球化、保护主义抬头，经贸问题政治化、工具化、武器化。有的国家挑起贸易战、科技战，滥施非法单边制裁和“长臂管辖”，执意打造“小院高墙”“平行体系”，泛化国家安全概念、对别国经济科技发展进行打压遏制，一系列倒行逆施违反市场经济原则，践踏自由贸易规则，严重破坏国际经贸秩序。
De-globalization and protectionism are on the rise, while economic and trade issues are being politicized, instrumentalized, and weaponized. Some countries have instigated trade wars and tech wars, imposed unilateral sanctions illegally, and abused long-arm jurisdiction. They have single-mindedly sought to build “small yards with high walls” or “parallel systems”, and have overstretched the concept of national security to suppress and contain the economic and technological progress of other countries. These retrogressive actions violate the principles of the market economy, trample on the rules of free trade, and severely disrupt the international economic order.
站在历史的十字路口，公道正义还是弱肉强食，开放共赢还是隔绝对抗，国际法治还是强权政治，人类必须作出负责任的正确选择。
Humanity now faces several crucial questions. Fairness and justice, or the law of the jungle? Openness and mutual benefit, or isolation and confrontation? The rule of law, or power politics? At this historical crossroads, we must be responsible and make the right choice.
（三）弥补治理体系短板势在必行
3. It Is Imperative to Shore Up the Governance System
联合国是最具普遍性、代表性、权威性的国际机构，以联合国为核心的国际体系在全球治理中发挥着无可替代的重要作用。但随着时代发展和格局演变，现行全球治理体系不适应、不匹配的地方越来越多，短板赤字日益加剧：
The UN is the most comprehensive, representative and authoritative international organization, and the UN-centered international system plays an irreplaceable and vital role in global governance. Over time, however, the current global governance system has become increasingly incompatible and misaligned with the realities of today and the evolving international landscape, and its shortcomings and deficiencies are growing ever more pronounced.
权威性受到挑战。个别大国无视联合国宪章宗旨和原则，动辄退群毁约、撤资断供，阻挠安理会决议通过，瘫痪世界贸易组织争端解决机制，严重冲击国际秩序，多边机制运转困难增大，多边合作信任根基受到侵蚀。
The UN’s authority is challenged. Disregarding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, a certain major power has withdrawn from international organizations and agreements, defunded key bodies, blocked Security Council resolutions, and paralyzed the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) dispute settlement mechanism. These actions have seriously disrupted the international order and caused further damage to multilateral mechanisms, eroding the foundation of trust in multilateral cooperation.
有效性亟待提升。一些国家拒不履行自身责任义务，多边议程议而不决、决而不行情况长期存在。联合国等多边机构运行效率、应急反应能力和工作透明度有待提高。人工智能、网络空间、外空等新兴领域治理缺位。
The effectiveness of multilateral institutions is in urgent need of improvement. As some countries refuse to fulfill their responsibilities and obligations, multilateral agendas are often left discussed but undecided, or decided but not implemented. Efforts must therefore focus on improving the operational efficiency, emergency response capabilities, and transparency of multilateral institutions such as the UN. At the same time, the existence of governance gaps in emerging fields – including artificial intelligence, cyberspace, and outer space – also demands attention.
代表性严重不足。有的国家为维护自身霸权和私利，长期阻碍联合国及其机构改革进程，致使国际货币基金组织份额、世界银行股权等改革严重滞后，广大发展中国家的代表性和发言权得不到充分体现。
The UN’s representation is critically inadequate. To maintain their hegemony and protect their own interests, some countries have long obstructed the reform process of the UN and its agencies, causing significant delays in reforms such as the IMF quota and World Bank shareholding. Developing countries remain underrepresented and their voices insufficiently heard.
现行治理体系虽不完美，但不必推倒重来，也不需另起炉灶。要与时俱进改革完善，解决不匹配不适应的问题，以发展的姿态补齐治理短板，以进步的理念回应时代呼声。
The current governance system is certainly not perfect, but it needs neither to be dismantled and rebuilt in full, nor replaced entirely by a new system. Instead, as an international community, we must focus on reforming and improving the existing system to make it more compatible and aligned with the world’s realities, addressing governance shortcomings from a developmental perspective, and responding to the call of the times with a vision for progress.
（四）全球南方声音需要更多倾听
4. More Global South Voices Need to Be Heard
作为求和平、谋发展、促合作的重要力量，全球南方群体性崛起是人类的进步。要让世界稳下来、好起来，需要在国际事务中更多回应南方诉求，充分发挥南方作用。
The Global South is a vital force in seeking peace, pursuing development, and promoting cooperation, and its collective rise represents human progress. To stabilize and improve the world, the international community needs to be more responsive to the concerns of the Global South in international affairs and fully leverage its role.
全球南方卓然壮大。二战后，亚非拉民族独立解放运动风起云涌，世界殖民体系土崩瓦解，联合国会员国从创立之初的51个增加到现在的193个。今天，按购买力平价计算，全球南方在世界经济中的比重超过60%，对世界经济增长贡献率达到80%，多个发展中心在各地区形成。少数国家垄断国际事务难以为继，长期存在的历史不公必须得到纠正。
The Global South has grown remarkably strong. After World War II, national independence and liberation movements swept across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, dismantling the global colonial system. The number of UN member states has increased from 51 at its founding in 1945 to 193 today. Based on purchasing power parity, the Global South now makes up over 60 percent of the world economy and contributes 80 percent to global economic growth, with multiple hubs of development across various regions. The monopolization of international affairs by a small number of countries is no longer sustainable, and long-standing historical injustices must be redressed.
全球南方为全球治理带来新气象。金砖国家实现历史性扩员，上海合作组织成为幅员最广、人口最多的区域性国际组织，为全球治理体系建设和改革发挥积极推动作用。二十国集团成为全球经济治理的主要平台，新兴经济体占到成员总数一半以上。“77国集团和中国”弘扬公道正义，深化南南合作。全球南方国家主办一系列多边峰会，在全球治理中留下南方印记、作出南方贡献。
This rise has brought a new dynamic to global governance. BRICS has undergone a historic expansion, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has become the largest regional intergovernmental organization in terms of territory and population. Together, they are playing a positive role in the development and reform of the global governance system. The G20 has become the premier platform for global economic governance, with emerging economies now accounting for more than half of its membership. Championing fairness and justice, the G77 and China have deepened South-South cooperation. Meanwhile, Global South countries have hosted a series of multilateral summits, contributing their share to global governance and leaving their imprint.
时代呼唤更具包容性、公平性、可持续性的全球治理模式。全球南方国家在国际事务中的发展权、话语权、决策权得到更大尊重的过程，也必将是全球治理体系更有活力、更有效力、更有希望的历史进程。
The times call for a model of global governance that is more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable. The process of securing greater respect for the Global South countries’ rights to development, voice, and decision-making in international affairs will mark a historic journey towards a more dynamic, effective, and hopeful global governance system.
