四、农村公路更加舒适、安全、耐久
IV. Safer, More Durable, and More Comfortable Rural Roads
秉持“建设是发展，养护也是发展”的理念，坚持科学养护和全面养护相结合，从提升路况、保障安全、绿化美化等重点入手，持续提升养护效能，提高农村公路服务水平。
Understanding that both construction and maintenance are essential for road development, China engages in scientific and comprehensive maintenance of rural roads. By improving road conditions, ensuring transport safety, and carrying out roadside greening and beautification programs, the country has seen a steady improvement in the maintenance efficiency of its rural roads and a growth in their service capacity.
（一）营造“畅、安、舒、美”的出行环境
1. Creating a Beautiful Environment for Smooth, Safe and Comfortable Travel
农村公路养护成效显著，路况水平、安全水平显著提升，路域环境更加美观，农民群众出行越来越顺畅、越来越安全、越来越舒心。
The effective maintenance of China's rural roads has brought marked improvements to road conditions, transport safety, and the road environment, enabling smoother, safer, and more comfortable travel.
路况水平实现跨越式提升。持续加大养护投入，全面开展日常养护，大力实施养护工程，农村公路养护工程年均比例超5%。
Realizing a significant improvement in road conditions. China has increased investment in rural road maintenance and ensured regular maintenance across the board. It has also launched major maintenance projects for rural roads, accounting for more than 5 percent of rural maintenance mileageannually.
Mileage n. 英里数
十年来，累计实施修复养护工程184万公里，优良中等路率④从79%上升至91.1%，基本实现“有路必养、养必到位”。
Over the past decade, a total of 1.84 million km of rural roads have been repaired and maintained, raising the proportion of rural roads classified as premier, good, and medium3 from 79 percent to 91.1 percent, essentially realizing full coverage and guaranteeing quality of maintenance.
Proportion n. 均衡；相称，协调；关系；比例；部分；份儿
Premier /prɪˈmɪr/ adj. 第一的；最初的n. 总理，首相
【Tip3】According to the Highway Performance Assessment Standard, the technical conditions of highways are rated at five levels: premier, good, medium, inferior, and substandard.③根据《公路使用性能评定标准》，公路技术状况评定为优、良、中、差、不合格5个等级。
安全保障能力显著增强。不断加强农村公路基础设施建设，深入排查治理安全隐患，强化农村公路交通安全管理，农村公路本质安全水平和应急保障能力不断增强，道路交通安全形势持续稳定。
Achieving a greater capacity for transport safety. China has improved its rural road infrastructure, identified and removed safety hazards, and strengthened transport safety management, achieving greater inherent consistent safety and enabling a better emergency response for rural road transport.
Inherent adj. 固有的；内在的；与生俱来的
2023年农村公路一次死亡3人以上较大交通事故起数比2013年下降36.5%，一次死亡10人以上重特大交通事故起数比2013年下降85.7%。
In 2023, the number of rural road traffic accidents with a death toll of more than threedropped by 36.5 percent from the 2013 figure, and the number of accidents with a death toll of more than 10 fell by 85.7 percent.
Toll vt. 征收；敲钟n. 通行费；代价；钟声vi.鸣钟；征税
路域环境持续优化。扎实开展农村公路路域环境综合整治，加强洁化、绿化、美化，农村公路实现“路田分家”99万公里、“路宅分家”62万公里，农村公路更加整洁、美丽。
Making continuous progress in optimizing the road environment. China has taken comprehensive measures to make rural roads tidy, green and beautiful. In total, 990,000 km of roads have been separated from farmlands and 620,000 km of roads have been separated from residential housing, making these rural roads more neatand pleasant.
（二）规范化专业化养护
2. Promoting Standard and Professional Road Maintenance
农村公路“三分建，七分养”。健全完善养护技术体系，发展先进适用的养护技术，不断提高养护效能，保持农村公路完好、畅通。
A well-functioning rural road network relies 30 percent on construction and 70 percent on maintenance. To ensure intact facilities and smooth traffic for rural roads, China has improved the technical framework for maintenance, developed advanced and applicable maintenance technologies, and raised maintenance efficiency.
Intact /ɪnˈtækt/ adj. 完整的；原封不动的；未受损伤的
积极推行养护科学决策。将养护科学决策纳入到养护工作全过程、各环节，遵循全寿命周期综合效益最佳理念，以公路技术状况检测评定、养护需求分析、养护方案确定为基础，综合考虑技术、经济、安全、环保等因素，合理确定养护工程项目，为养护工作实施提供科学依据。
Promoting scientific decision-making for road maintenance. China has integrated scientific decision-making into the entire process of rural road maintenance, optimal comprehensive benefits throughout the full lifecycle of roads. Based on technical condition assessment of roads, maintenance needs analysis, and maintenance planning, and leveraging technical, economic, safety and environmental considerations, the country makes informed decisions on its maintenance projects, thus providing a structured framework for its rural road maintenance work.
研发路面自动化检测车、便携式检测装备，应用大数据及人工智能等技术，探索采用与养护巡查、路政巡查、客货运输结合的方式，加快推进农村公路路况自动化检测，2023年农村公路路面自动化检测比例达到70%。深化检测数据分析应用，更加有力支撑养护科学决策，农村公路养护精细化、精准化水平持续提升。
To promote the automatic examination of rural road conditions, China has applied R&D efforts to automatic vehicles and portable devices, and applied big data and AI technologies to automatic examination in the process of road maintenance inspection, road administration inspection, and passenger and freight transport. The automation rate of road surface condition examination reached 70 percent in 2023. Analysis and application of data collected from road condition examination has also been strengthened to support scientific decision-making, leading to more refined and precise maintenance of rural roads.
R&D研发 Research and Development
规范实施养护作业。出台《农村公路养护技术规范》《农村公路技术状况评定标准》《农村公路养护预算编制办法》等技术标准规范。
Standardizing road maintenance operations. China has promulgated a range of technical standards and specifications, including Technical Specifications for Maintenance of Rural Highway, Standards for Rural Highway Condition Assessment, and Budget CompilationMethod for Rural Road Maintenance.
Compilation n. 编辑，编写；编辑物
加强日常养护，开展日常巡查、日常保养和小修，保持农村公路处于良好的技术状况。
To keep rural roads in good condition, the government has strengthened regular maintenance by carrying out routine inspections, daily upkeep operations, and necessary minor repairs.
重视预防养护，科学安排预防养护工程，有效延长农村公路使用寿命；实施修复养护，加强专业化设计，针对性确定养护对策；做好专项养护，加快提升或恢复服务功能；开展应急养护，突发情况造成农村公路损毁、中断、产生重大安全隐患时，尽快恢复安全通行。
Special emphasis is given to preventative maintenance, with structured maintenance projects in place, which effectively extend the service life of rural roads. Repair maintenance has been implemented through professional design and targeted measures. Specialized maintenance has been improved, allowing quicker upgrading or restoration of services. Emergency maintenance has been prioritized, enabling the quickest possible resumptionof safe travel in emergencies resulting in road damage, traffic disruptions, or major transport safety hazards.
Hazard vt. 尝试着做[提出]；冒风险n. 危险；公害
创新多元养护组织模式。有序推进农村公路养护市场化改革，政府与市场合理分工的养护生产组织模式逐步建立，养护作业更加科学规范高效。
Creating diverse organizational models of road maintenance. China has systematically advanced market-oriented reform of rural road maintenance and taken steps to develop a rationaldivision of work between the government and the market in organizing road maintenance. This has made maintenance operations more structured, standardized and efficient.
rationaldivision of work合理分工
农村公路预防养护、修复养护等养护工程通过招投标方式，委托专业队伍实行专业化养护。
Preventative and repair maintenance projects are allocated through bidding and tendering,recruiting professional teams to provide specialized maintenance services.
鼓励采用干线公路建设和养护与农村公路打捆招标、农村公路片区化养护总承包、农村公路建设和养护捆绑招标等新型生产组织模式。
Novel organizational models of rural road maintenance are encouraged, such as combined tendering for the construction and maintenance of trunk highways and rural roads, overall contracting for zonal maintenance of rural roads, and combined tendering for rural road construction and maintenance.
农村公路日常养护采用群众性养护和专业化养护相结合的方式，积极吸收沿线群众参与，强化技能培训，逐步建立相对稳定的群众性养护队伍。
Regular maintenance combines general and professional maintenance. Residents along the routes are actively involved through technical training to build stable teams for general maintenance.
推动“四新”技术应用。新技术、新工艺、新材料、新设备的推广和应用，对于提高公路养护质量、延长公路使用寿命、降低养护成本、促进公路行业可持续发展具有重要作用。
Applying new technologies, techniques, materials and equipment. Application of these four elements plays a significant role in raising road maintenance quality, extending road service life, reducing maintenance costs, and facilitating sustainable development of the road transport industry.
采用就地冷再生、厂拌热再生、水泥路面白改黑碎石化利用等工艺，废旧路面材料、废旧轮胎、工业固废、建筑废弃物等废弃物循环利用技术，推动轻量化高强钢等新材料在安全设施上的推广应用，应用新型摊铺机、小型灌缝机等设备，在节约投资、缩短工期、节能环保等方面取得了良好效果。
New techniques for road maintenance have been employed, such as cold in-placerecycling of asphalt pavement, hot central plant recycling of asphalt pavement, and rubblization for an asphalt overlay of cement pavement. New technologies for waste recycling have been applied, covering discardedpavement materials, worn-out tires, solid industrial waste, and construction waste. New materials have been applied in road safety facilities, including lightweight high-strength steel. New equipment has been introduced, such as new paver models and small pavement crack filling machines. These new applications have produced significant results in reducing costs, shortening project duration, conserving energy, and protecting the environment.
（三）把安全摆在首要位置
3. Prioritizing Transport Safety
强化农村公路安全隐患治理和基础设施安全防护，切实保障人民群众安全、便捷出行，让农村公路成为安心之路、畅通之途。
China has redoubled its efforts to address rural road safety hazards and improve safety infrastructure, ensuring safe and easy travel and providing reliable and smooth transport.
加强设施安全防护。严格执行安全设施与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入使用的“三同时”制度。扎实开展公路安全设施和交通秩序管理精细化提升行动，实施和完善农村公路安全生命防护工程，持续深化农村公路“千灯万带”示范工程，强化农村公路安全隐患整治。
Strengthening safety facilities. China enforces a system for synchronizing the design, construction and commissioning of road safety facilities with the road construction project. Solid actions have been taken to further refine the management of rural road safety facilities and traffic order. To address rural road safety hazards, the country has launched and refined a project for travel safety and a pilot project for greater coverage of traffic lights and speed bumps.
Synchronizing v. 同步，整步adj. 同步的
十年来，累计实施农村公路安全生命防护工程123万公里，标识标线、减速带、信号灯等安全设施设置不断完善，农村公路安全防护水平显著提高。
Over the past decade, the rural road travel safety project has covered a total road length of 1.23 million km, and consistent improvement has been made in safety facilities, including road signs, pavement markings, speed bumps, and traffic lights, ensuring a rising level of rural road safety.
实施危旧桥梁改造。桥梁是交通网络中的关键节点性工程，实施危旧桥梁改造，是保障桥梁安全运营、维护农村公路安全畅通的重要基石。
Renovating old and dangerous bridges. Bridges are key constructions in transport networks. Renovation of old and dangerous bridges underpins safe bridge operations for smooth rural road transport.
加强桥梁管理和重点桥梁定期检测，严格落实责任划分、信息公开、资金保障等桥梁安全运行“十项制度”，扎实开展农村公路桥梁护栏安全防护能力提升、独柱墩桥梁运行安全提升、桥梁信息和限载标志规范设置等专项工作。
China has strengthened bridge management and regular safety inspection for key bridges, and implemented the 10 regulations for bridge operation safety, including strict accountability, information disclosure, and funding guarantees. It has also carried out special programs on highway bridge guardrail safety, single-column pier bridge safety, and standardization of bridge information and bridge load limit signs for rural road transport.
Guardrail n. 栏杆，护轨
深入开展公路危旧桥梁改造行动，十年来，累计实施农村公路危旧桥改造5.8万座，危桥总数逐年下降，一二三类桥梁⑤比例从83.2%上升至98%，农村公路桥梁安全耐久水平不断提高。
Over the past decade, a total of 58,000 old and dangerous bridges in the rural road network have been renovated; the total number of dangerous bridges has decreased on a yearly basis; the proportion of Grade I, II and III bridges4 has increased from 83.2 percent to 98 percent; and the durability of rural highway bridges has been consistently improved.
Durability n.耐久性
【Tip4】 According to the Standards for Technical Condition Evaluation of Highway Bridges, the technical conditions of highway bridges are rated at five levels: Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV, and Grade V. Grade IV and Grade V bridges are dangerous bridges.⑤“一二三类桥梁”是指评定结果为一类、二类、三类的桥梁。按《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》，桥梁总体技术状况等级评定结果为一类、二类、三类、四类、五类。评定结果为四类、五类的桥梁为“危桥”。
（四）增强路网韧性，提升保通保畅能力
4. Improving Road Network Resilience for Greater Reliability
坚持人民至上、生命至上，统筹高质量发展和高水平安全，健全完善农村公路防灾减灾体系，持续提升农村公路网络安全韧性与应急保障能力，切实维护人民群众生命财产安全。
Putting people and lives first, and coordinating high-quality development and high-level safety, China has improved disaster readiness and mitigation for rural road transport, and strengthened safety resilience and emergency response for the rural road network in order to ensure effective protection of lives and property.
Readiness n. 准备就绪；愿意，乐意
Mitigation /ˌmɪtɪ'ɡeʃən/n. 缓解，减轻，平静
Disaster readiness and mitigation防灾减灾
强化应急保障。中国地域辽阔，山川河流地势复杂，洪涝、地质等灾害多发频发，防灾减灾不仅是应急之举，更是长久之计。
Increasing emergency preparation. China has a vast territory and a complex terrain with countless rivers and mountains prone tofloods and geological disasters. Disaster readiness and mitigation are not only emergency measures for the country but also its long-term priorities.
Prone to倾于
出台《关于进一步提升农村公路防灾减灾能力的意见》，健全农村公路突发公共事件应急管理机制，提升应对突发公共事件和安全应急保障防灾减灾能力。
China has promulgated theGuidelines on Further Improving Disaster Readiness and Mitigation for Rural Road Transport and strengthened the public emergency management mechanisms for rural roads, ensuring better response to public emergencies, road safety incidents, and natural disasters.
依托国家区域性公路交通应急装备物资储备中心，推动地方公路交通应急物资储备中心建设，布局完善、品类完备、随调随用的交通应急物资储备体系逐步完成。
Building upon the national equipment and material reserve centers for highway emergency response in different regions, China has made progress in establishing local reserve centers for highway emergency response supplies. As a result, a highway emergency reserve system is taking shape, characterized by well-designed distribution, a full range of supplies, and quick response.
有序实施农村公路管理站、道班等场所拓展改造，完善应急装备、物资、工具储备功能。
China has carried out systematic expansionand renovation of rural road management stations and maintenance squads, improving their reserve functions for emergency response equipment, supplies and devices.
Squadsn. 小队；小组；[军]班v. 编成小队；编成班
Maintenance squads道班（道班是指过班道员或铁路和公路养路工人的组织，负责维护和修理特定路段的交通设施）
加强专群结合的应急抢险队伍建设，强化应急预案演练、人员教育培训和运力储备，应急处置能力不断提升。
China has built up rural road emergency rescue forces composed of both professionals and the general public, and boosted their emergency response capabilities by intensifying drills for contingency plans, improving personnel training, and increasing transport capacity.
Composed of由…组成
Contingency /kən'tɪndʒənsi/n. 偶然发生的事故，意外事故
Personnel /ˌpɜːrsəˈnel/ n. (总称)人员; 员工；人事部门
加强巡查巡护。防微杜渐，未雨绸缪，常态化开展日常巡查检查，强化重点时段重点路段巡查防护。
Strengthening road safety inspection. To identify and remove safety hazards for rural road transport, China has strengthened targeted inspections on key road sections during critical time periodsin addition to regular inspection on all road sections.
In addition to除…之外
分类分级细化自然灾害应对措施，汛期和台风等恶劣天气来临前及时清理疏通边沟、排水沟等排水设施， 加强对高边坡、急弯陡坡、临水临崖、路侧险要、自然灾害风险点、历史灾毁点等重点路段集中排查，实施必要的防护工程。
Categorized, graded and specialized measures are in place for natural disaster response. In preparation for imminentfloods, typhoons, and other severe weather, drainage facilities including side ditches and drainage ditches are cleared in a timely manner. Intensified inspections are carried out on key road sections such as those withhigh slopes, sharp turns, steep gradients, proximity to cliffs, water bodies or other dangers, natural disaster risks, and historical damage from disasters. Essential precaution projects are implemented where necessary.
Imminent /ˈɪmɪnənt/ adj. 迫近的；即将来临的
遇到低温雨雪冰冻等恶劣天气，加大对易积雪结冰等重点路段巡查检查，提前撒布防滑料、除冰剂、融雪剂等，及时除冰除雪，强化标识提醒和警示预警，保障路网畅通。
Under severe weather, such as low temperatures, rain, snow, and freezing conditions, targeted inspections are carried out on key road sections prone to snow accumulation or ice formation; preemptivemeasures such as spreading anti-skid materials, deicing agents, and snow-melting agents are employed, and ice and snow are removed to prevent accumulation; and safety reminders, preventive alerts, and warning signs are better used to ensure a smooth road network.
强化抢通保通。加强监测预警和调度指挥，动态掌握气象变化和自然灾害预警信息，及时启动防御响应或应急响应。
Ensuring road access for emergency response. China has strengthened safety monitoring, early warning, and traffic dispatch for its rural road network, providing dynamic information on weather changes and early warning on disasters, and activating timely preparatory or emergency response.
建立预警响应联动和直达基层一线的临灾预警“叫应”机制，强化现场应急避险能力。及时打通抢险救灾“生命线”，保障应急人员和装备安全顺畅通行。
The country has put in place a coordinatedearly warning and response mechanism and a direct warning mechanism for promptfrontline response to imminent disasters, making onsite emergency preparation and evacuationmore effective. Emergency routes are opened up in a timely manner to ensure safe and smooth transport of rescue personnel and equipment.
Evacuation n. 撤空；撤离；撤退；疏散；排泄；排泄物
有序有力组织开展农村公路抢修抢通，加大资金支持力度，抓好灾后恢复重建，保障群众安全出行和恢复生产生活。
To ensure safe traffic and orderly living and working conditions after disasters, the government has organized efficient emergency road repairs, increased financial support, and facilitated post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
