民营经济

原文：近年来，中国政府高度重视民营经济(private economy) 的发展，出台了一系列政策支持民营企业。截至 2025 年 3 月底，全国民营企业数量超过 5700 万家，占企业总量的 92.3%。民营企业不仅数量稳步增长，质量和结构也在不断提升。民营企业的研发投入不断增加，在新一代信息技术、人工智能等领域发展迅速。民营企业核心竞争力的增强为中国经济的高质量发展提供了有力支撑。

参考译文：In recent years，the Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of the private economy，introducing a series of policies to support private enterprises.As of the end of March 2025，the number of private enterprises nationwide exceeded 57 million，accounting for 92.3% of the total number of enterprises.Private enterprises have not only seen steady growth in quantity，but also continuous improvement in quality and structure.Theinvestment by private enterprises has been increasing，with rapid development in fields such as next - generation information technology and artificial intelligence.The enhanced core competitiveness of private enterprises has provided strong support for the high - quality development of China's economy.

运用翻译技巧总结：

1.主干优先：核心是先提取句子主谓宾或主系表的核心主干，保障核心语义准确，再补充定语、状语等修饰成分，避免因句式复杂出现翻译偏差。“截至 2025 年 3 月底，全国民营企业数量超过 5700 万家，占企业总量的 92.3%” 这句，先提炼主干 “全国民营企业数量超过 5700 万家”，译为 “the number of private enterprises nationwide exceeded 57 million”；再把时间状语 “截至 2025 年 3 月底” 译为 “As of the end of March 2025” 前置，将补充说明数量占比的 “占企业总量的 92.3%” 处理为伴随状语 “accounting for 92.3% of the total number of enterprises”，让译文逻辑清晰。

【迁移】 2021 年 6 月四级真题 “中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，经济发展迅速”，先确定主干 “中国是发展中国家” 译为 “China is a developing country”，接着依次补充 “世界上最大的”“人口众多”“经济发展迅速” 这些修饰内容，整合为 “China is the world’s largest developing country, with a large population and rapid economic development”

2.词性转换：为适配英文句式习惯，常会把中文里的动词转为名词、形容词等词性。素材中“民营企业的研发投入不断增加” 一句，“投入” 在中文里多作动词使用，但翻译时转为名词 “investment”，译文变为 “investment by private enterprises has been increasing”，以名词短语作主语，契合英文中名词充当主语的常见句式。

【迁移】2023 年 12 月四级真题有 “中医强调阴阳平衡”，中文 “强调” 是动词，若直译动词会使句式单一，翻译时转为名词 “emphasis”，译为 “Traditional Chinese medicine lays emphasis on the balance of yin and yang”，通过词性转换让句式更灵活地道。

3.语序调整：中文多前置定语，而英文常用定语后置，翻译时需调整语序适配英文表达习惯。素材中“在新一代信息技术、人工智能等领域发展迅速”，中文里 “新一代信息技术、人工智能等” 是修饰 “领域” 的前置定语，翻译时调整为 “in fields such as next - generation information technology and artificial intelligence”，用 “such as” 引出后置定语，符合英文表达逻辑。

【迁移】2022 年 12 月四级真题 “这是一座有着 2000 多年历史的文化名城”，中文 “有着 2000 多年历史的” 是前置定语，翻译时调整为后置修饰成分，译为 “This is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years”，让译文更符合英文读者的阅读习惯。

4.减译法（省略冗余虚词）中文表达中常会出现无实义的虚词（如“的”“了”“就” 等），或重复出现的名词，翻译时可省略以符合英文简洁的表达习惯。 “民营企业的研发投入不断增加”，中文的 “的” 用于连接定语和中心词，翻译时直接省略，译为 “R&D investment by private enterprises has been increasing”，无需额外添加连接词，句式更紧凑。

往年真题举例：2024年 6 月四级真题 “中国的茶文化历史悠久”，中文 “的” 省略不译，译为 “Chinese tea culture has a long history”，避免出现冗余的 “of” 结构。

城市漫步

原文：近年来，“城市漫步（citywalk）”在中国的年轻人中悄然兴起，已成为一种旅游新潮流。与传统旅游不同，城市漫步不追求在短时间内游览尽可能多的景点，而是随意行走或按照主题路线漫步在城市的大街小巷。漫步者品尝地道小吃，欣赏特色建筑，了解当地生活方式。他们还用相机或手机记录城市的风景和人物。这种旅游方式能让城市漫步者更深入了解城市的历史与文化。

参考译文：In recent years，"citywalk" has quietly gained popularity among young people in China，becoming a new travel trend.Unlike traditional travel，citywalk does not aim to visit as many scenic spots as possible in a short time.Instead，it means walking freely or wandering along themed routes in the city's streets and alleys.Citywalkers taste authentic snacks，admire characteristic buildings and learn about the local lifestyle.They also use cameras or mobile phones to record the city's scenery and people.This way of traveling enables citywalkers to have a deeper understanding of the city's history and culture.

运用翻译技巧总结：

1.拆分法（长句拆短句）当中文长句包含多层语义，直译易造成英文句式臃肿时，可拆分多个短句，用标点或连词衔接，保证逻辑清晰。“漫步者品尝地道小吃，欣赏特色建筑，了解当地生活方式”，中文是连贯的并列动作，翻译时拆分为三个并列的动宾结构短句，译为 “Citywalkers taste authentic snacks, admire characteristic buildings and learn about the local lifestyle”，避免因堆砌成分导致句子冗长。

【迁移】2023 年 12 月四级真题 “游客们登上长城，眺望远方，感叹其雄伟壮观”，拆分为三个并列短句，译为 “Tourists climb the Great Wall, look into the distance and marvel at its grandeur”

2.四字格，“悄然兴起”，属于口语化的描述性表达，直译 “quietly rise” 不够地道，译为 “quietly gained popularity”，用 “gain popularity” 这个英文常用搭配体现 “流行起来” 

【迁移】真题例句：中国文化博大精深，吸引着全球游客。（2023 年 12 月六级）

→ Chinese culture is extensive and profound, attracting tourists around the world.

真题例句：绿水青山就是金山银山。（2025年 12 月四级）→ Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

3.状语从句简化（从句转分词短语）中文的条件、原因状语从句，翻译时可简化为分词短语，替代“because”“if” 引导的从句，让句式更简洁。“通过加强森林资源保护、加大污染治理力度等一系列措施，许多地区的生态环境得到了显著改善”，中文隐含条件逻辑，翻译时将 “通过…… 措施” 简化为介词短语 “Through a series of measures such as...”，替代条件状语从句，译为 “Through a series of measures such as strengthening the protection of forest resources and intensifying pollution control efforts, the ecological environment in many regions has been significantly improved”。

【迁移】2021 年 6 月四级真题 “通过举办国际展会，中国与世界各国加强了贸易合作”，简化为介词短语开头，译为 “By holding international exhibitions, China has strengthened trade cooperation with countries around the world”，比 “Because China holds international exhibitions...” 更直观简洁

绿色经济

原文：中国政府十分重视绿色经济的发展。通过加强森林资源保护、加大污染治理力度等一系列措施，许多地区的生态环境得到了显著改善。绿水青山（lucid waters and lush mountains）促进了当地的旅游、健康等产业的发展，创造了可观的经济效益。如今，生态环境与人类社会和谐共存的观念在中国已深入人心。绿色经济的推进不仅能为中国可持续发展做出贡献，也为全球环境保护提供了宝贵经验。

参考译文：The Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of the green economy.Through a series of measures such as strengthening the protection of forest resources and intensifying pollution control efforts，the ecological environment in many regions has been significantly improved.Lucid waters and lush mountains have promoted the development of local tourism，healthcare and other industries，creating considerable economic benefits.Nowadays，the concept of the harmonious coexistence between the ecological environment and human society has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese people.The promotion of the green economy can not only contribute to China's sustainable development，but also provide valuable experience for global environmental protection.

运用翻译技巧总结：

1.语态转换：中文多使用主动语态，而英文在阐述客观事实、突出论述对象时，被动语态更为常用，翻译时进行主动与被动的转换，能让表达更地道。“许多地区的生态环境得到了显著改善”，中文表述看似主动，实则强调 “生态环境” 这一对象的变化，翻译时转为被动语态，译为 “the ecological environment in many regions has been significantly improved”，突出生态环境的变化结果，符合英文论述类文本的表达习惯。

【迁移】2023 年 6 月四级真题 “很多传统手工艺被列入了非物质文化遗产名录”，中文隐含被动含义，翻译时明确使用被动语态，译为 “Many traditional crafts have been included in the list of intangible cultural heritage”，既突出 “传统手工艺” 这一核心对象，也契合英文客观说明的句式特点。

2.文化专有词直译：对于具有中国特色的文化专有词，采用官方认可或通用的直译方式，既能保留文化内涵，又能让国外读者理解。素材中“绿水青山” 是极具中国特色的生态概念，翻译时采用通用直译 “lucid waters and lush mountains”，既准确传递了 “清澈的水、繁茂的山” 的字面意思，也体现其背后生态保护的深层内涵。

【迁移】2022 年 6 月四级真题 “端午节有吃粽子的习俗”，“粽子” 是中国传统节日特色食物，采用直译 “zongzi”，译文为 “The Dragon Boat Festival has the custom of eating zongzi”，既保留文化特色，结合节日语境也不会让读者产生理解障碍。

3.合译法（将多个短句合并，避免英文零碎句）“通过加强森林资源保护、加大污染治理力度等一系列措施，许多地区的生态环境得到了显著改善”。中文包含两个语义关联的短句，翻译时合并为一句，用介词短语 “Through a series of measures such as...” 衔接条件与结果，译为 “Through a series of measures such as strengthening the protection of forest resources and intensifying pollution control efforts，the ecological environment in many regions has been significantly improved”。

【迁移】2019 年 6 月四级真题 “春节是中国最重要的传统节日，家人团聚，共享美食”。将三个短句合并，用定语从句衔接，译为 “The Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China, when families gather and enjoy delicious food together”，避免句子结构松散。

翻译技巧汇总

历年四六级的翻译真题涵盖词汇、句式、逻辑、文化适配四大核心维度

1. 词汇通顺达意+词性转化

词汇是翻译的基础，四六级翻译中特色词汇、词性转换等是高频考点，精准处理词汇能避免基础失分。一是牢记特色词汇固定译法，针对传统文化、政策相关的专有词汇，不能随意意译，需记准规范译法。比如2022年12月四级真题“数百年来，迎春一直是民间的重要习俗”，其中“迎春”固定译为“Welcoming spring”，“民间习俗”对应“folk custom”，整句译文为“Welcoming spring has been an important folk custom for hundreds of years”；2023年3月六级真题“郑和下西洋对中外的经济和文化交流起到了十分积极的推进作用”，“郑和下西洋”规范译法是“Zheng He's expeditions to the western oceans”，该译法能准确传递历史事件含义，避免歧义。二是灵活进行词性转换，中文多用动词和名词，英文常通过词性转换让表达更地道。像2023年12月六级真题“自改革开放以来，国人的饮食发生了显著变化”，中文里“显著”是修饰动词“变化”的形容词，译文中转为形容词“significant”修饰名词“changes”，译文为“Since the reform and opening up, the diet of the Chinese people has undergone significant changes”；2020年12月四级真题“鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化”，将中文动词“象征”转为名词形式“symbolic meaning”，译文为“It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish derived from traditional Chinese culture”，让句子结构更清晰。

2. 句式重构优化技巧

中文多短句、句式松散，英文注重句式严谨，重构句式能让译文更符合英文表达习惯，同时提升流畅度。其一，主干优先补充修饰，翻译时先提取主谓宾或主系表主干，再添加定语、状语等修饰成分。如2021年6月四级真题“中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，经济发展迅速”，主干是“中国是发展中国家”，再用“with”短语补充“人口众多”和“经济发展迅速”的修饰内容，译文为“China is the world’s largest developing country, with a large population and rapid economic development”，避免逐字翻译导致的句式混乱。其二，长句拆分与短句合并，遇到含多个逻辑的长句可拆分，零散短句用连词或从句合并。2019年6月四级真题“春节是中国最重要的传统节日，家人团聚，共享美食”，用定语从句“when”连接“家人团聚，共享美食”这两个补充语义，译文为“The Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China, when families gather and enjoy delicious food together”，避免简单句堆砌。其三，主动与被动灵活转换，描述建筑建造、政策实施等场景时，被动语态更契合英文习惯。2022年12月六级真题“这座古建筑建于明朝，至今保存完好”，“建于”用被动语态“was built”，译文为“This ancient building was built in the Ming Dynasty and has been well-preserved so far”，比主动表达更简洁专业。其四，套用固定高频句型，这类句型适配场景固定，套用既能保证准确又能节省时间。2023年12月四级真题“中国政府十分重视人民的健康饮食”，套用“attach great importance to”句型，译文为“The Chinese government attaches great importance to the healthy diet of people”；2022年9月四级真题“太极拳起源于中国古代”，用“originated in the period of”句型，译文为“Tai Chi originated in the period of ancient China”。

3. 逻辑衔接强化技巧

中文常隐含逻辑关系，英文需用衔接词明确体现，这是提升译文连贯性的关键。在因果逻辑方面，可用due to、because等衔接词。2023年6月六级真题“由于生态环境改善，越来越多的候鸟在此越冬”，用“due to”明确因果关系，译文为“Due to the improvement of the ecological environment, more and more migratory birds overwinter here”，避免逻辑断层。对于递进逻辑，not only...but also...是常用衔接结构。2023年6月六级真题“既明显改善了市民户外活动的条件，又使城市更加美丽”，通过该结构体现两个积极影响的递进，译文为“which not only greatly enhances the conditions of outdoor activities of the residents but also makes the city more beautiful”。处理转折逻辑时，可使用but、while、different from等。2023年3月四级真题“自驾游与传统的组团旅游不同，它更加灵活自由”，用“Different from”体现对比转折，译文为“Different from traditional group tourism, self-driving tourism is more flexible and free”。时间逻辑则可借助starting from、in recent years等衔接。2023年6月四级真题“从2008年秋季学期开始，义务教育阶段全面免除学杂费”，用“Starting from”明确时间起点，译文为“Starting from the fall semester of 2008, tuition and miscellaneous fees have been fully exempted during the compulsory education stage”。

4. 文化适配翻译技巧

四六级翻译中文化类主题占比高，这类内容需兼顾文化特色和读者理解，避免误译。一是采用解释性翻译，对无直接对应英文的文化概念，译出核心含义并搭配属性说明。2021年12月四级真题“中医强调阴阳平衡，注重调理身体”，“阴阳”无英文直接对应词，直接保留“yin and yang”并搭配“balance”，让读者理解其核心是一种平衡关系，译文为“Traditional Chinese Medicine emphasizes the balance of yin and yang and focuses on regulating the body”。二是音译与意译结合，专有文化名词音译后补充意译说明属性。2020年7月四级真题“旗袍是中国传统服饰的代表，深受女性喜爱”，“旗袍”音译为“cheongsam”，补充其“传统服饰代表”的属性，译文为“The cheongsam, a representative of traditional Chinese clothing, is deeply loved by women”。三是规避文化误译，结合西方文化认知调整译法。2022年6月四级真题“龙是中国文化中的吉祥象征”，西方文化中龙多含负面含义，此处保留“dragon”，搭配“auspicious”明确其吉祥属性，译文为“The dragon is an auspicious symbol in Chinese culture”，避免读者误解。

5. 规避易错点+词汇升级淬炼

除上述核心技巧外，留意易错点能减少失分。一方面要把控时态，中文无明显时态变化，但英文需精准对应。比如描述过去发生的历史事件用一般过去时，像“大运河始建于公元前5世纪”，译文为“The Grand Canal was first built in the 5th century BC”；涉及从过去持续到现在的影响用现在完成时。另一方面要注意固定搭配与语法细节，比如避免主谓不一致、冠词遗漏等问题。如“茶叶富含维生素C”，译文为“Longjing tea is rich in vitamin C”，“be rich in”是固定搭配；“环境污染导致了许多健康问题”，可用高级搭配替换普通表达，译文优化为“Environmental pollution has given rise to numerous health issues”，用“give rise to”替代“lead to”，提升词汇表达层次。

词汇的选择与锤炼

1.替换常用简单词(短语)

(1)名词(短语)变换

(2)动词(短语)变换

(3)形容词变换

(4)其他词(组)变换

【典型例句】

①On the one hand, too much praise might lead to children’s lack of enthusiasm to explore new things(缺乏探索新事物的热情), for they are afraid they won’t meet parents’ expectations(满足父母的期望).

②Considering the enormous benefits(考虑到巨大的益处), which we can earn steadily from tennis practice, including preventing us from getting short-sighted (防止我们近视)and helping us keep physically healthy, we are lost in the training course.

【拓展训练】

①The special day allows people to_________________________________(对……表达爱和情感) their fathers. 

②___________________________________(是明智的)for people to use their cellphones ___________________________________(更恰当地). 

③___________________________________(没有充分的准备), you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly and obtain satisfactory marks, let alone be admitted into ___________________________________(梦想的大学). 

④Tracy said she had already___________________________________(通知苏珊) the change of the appointment. 

⑤People generally thought it impossible for the Chinese team to win the championship in the Rio Olympic Games, but they___________________________________(克服许多障碍) and ___________________________________(最终创造了奇迹). 

⑥DramaNight___________________________________ (预定)be held on the evening of next Friday in the theatre hall. 

⑦___________________________________(此外), having been awarded scholarship twice in our school, I have ___________________________________(极好的学术成就). 

⑧This phenomenon has___________________________________ (成为焦点)we must face today because of ___________________________________ (许多严重后果)caused by improper use of cellphones. 

2.变化所用词的词性

在作文中,可以通过改变一个词的词性, 使文章富有变化, 让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。

(1)名词变动词

People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of the traditional values.

→People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually disappearing.

传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡,这让人们很担忧。

(2)动词变名词

After watching his performance, I found he could really dance very well.

→After watching his performance, I found him a really good dancer.

看了他的表演之后,我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。

(3)形容词变名词

I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his being so kind.

→I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his kindness.

我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。

3.善用短语

【典型例句】

①For example, paper-cutting and Chinese knots are all feasible methods of introducing our culture, which are also more convenient to organize(更方便组织).

②The reasons why I am qualified for the job(我能胜任这份工作的原因) are as follows.

【拓展训练】

①___________________________________(我认为), it’s true that cellphones bring us lots of benefits and convenience, but only when they’re used more ___________________________________(恰当地) can they serve us better. 

②All my teachers and classmates___________________________________(高度赞扬我的熟练) in both Chinese and English. 

③___________________________________(考虑到你的全部要求), I firmly believe I’m the right person you’re looking for. 

④As for accommodation, I prefer to live with a local family because I want to improve my English and___________________________________(近距离体验真实的美国文化). 

⑤You are optimistic about life and always have confidence, whatever difficulty you may___________________________________(遇见), which helps you stand out among the classmates.

⑥___________________________________(随着人们生活水平的提高), cellphones are flooding into our life. 

⑦We are sorry for any___________________________________(我们给你带来的不便).Thanks for your understanding. 

⑧Nowadays, the smart phones have found their way to every family and are playing a very important role in our life.They are beneficial to us in many ways.However, they also___________________________________(有害于我们的身心健康). 

⑨In addition, seldom do I have time to keep my parents company, so I decide to help my parents with some housework___________________________________(缓解他们的压力), which I think is of benefit to ___________________________________(加强关系) between my family members. 

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