三、农村公路治理更加协同、规范、高效
III. More Coordinated, Standardized and Efficient Rural Road Governance
建好是基础，管好是保障。立足当前，着眼长远，准确把握农村公路发展规律、趋势、特征，不断建立健全体制、机制、政策、制度，持续提高农村公路治理能力。
Effective rural road governance means not only building good roads but also ensuring their proper management. Based on the current situation and with a long-term perspective, China has accurately grasped the principles, trends, and characteristics of rural road development, and established robustsystems, mechanisms, policies, and regulations, continuously enhancing its governance capacity of rural roads.
（一）构建完善的法律法规政策体系
1. Building a Complete System of Laws, Regulations and Policies
致力于提高治理管理效能，坚持问题导向，持续深化农村公路管理体制机制改革，健全完善法律法规政策，强化要素保障，逐步构建农村公路治理体系的“四梁八柱”。
China is committed to improving the effectiveness of its governance and management. It adopts a problem-oriented approach to furthering reform of rural road management systems and mechanisms. By strengthening legal and policy frameworks and ensuring adequate allocation of key factors, it has gradually established a robust governance system for rural roads.
adequate allocation 足够的分配量
健全法律法规。高度重视农村公路立法工作，先后出台一系列相关法律法规、规章制度。1997年，《中华人民共和国公路法》出台，历经5次修正，对包括县道、乡道在内的公路规划、建设、养护、经营、使用和管理进行了规定。
Improved laws and regulations. China attaches great importance tolegislativework on rural roads and has promulgated a series of relevant laws, regulations, and policies. The Highway Law of the People's Republic of China, enacted in 1997, and subsequentlyamended five times, regulates the planning, construction, maintenance, operation, use, and management of roads, including county and township roads.
Promulgate vt. 宣扬(某事物)；传播；公布，颁布(法令、新法律等)
n.颁布者，公布者
subsequently adv. 其后,随后,接着amend v. 修订；改进
regulate vt. 调节，规定；有系统的管理；控制；校准
regulation n. 管理，控制；规章；规则
2011年，颁布《公路安全保护条例》，对开展执法巡查、违建清理、超限超载车辆管理等工作进行了明确。目前，正在积极推进《农村公路条例》制定工作。全国各省（区、市）颁布农村公路条例或公路条例等地方性法规。颁布《农村公路养护管理办法》《道路旅客运输及客运站管理规定》等部门规章。形成了国家法律为龙头，行政法规为骨干，地方性法规和部门规章为支撑的农村公路法律法规体系。
In 2011, the Regulations on the Administration of Highway Safety were promulgated, clarifying the work of law enforcement patrols, illegal construction clearance, and the management of vehicles with out-of-gaugegoods and/or overloaded vehicles. Currently, China is actively promoting the formulation of the Regulations on Rural Roads. All provinces and equivalent administrative units nationwide have promulgated local road or rural road regulations. Departmental regulations such as the Administrative Measures for Rural Road Maintenance and the Provisions on the Administration of Road Passenger Transport and Passenger Stations have also been promulgated. A legal system for rural roads has been formed, with national laws as the base, administrative regulations as the spine, and local and departmental regulations as support.
Provision n.规定base龙头spine骨干support 支撑
完善政策制度。出台《关于推动“四好农村路”高质量发展的指导意见》等20余项政策文件，建立覆盖体制、机制、组织、监管、资金、考核、服务等领域的农村公路政策制度体系。
Refined policies and systems. China has issued over 20 policy documents, including the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Rural Roads in Their Construction, Management, Maintenance and Operation, and established a policy and institutional system that addresses systemic, organizational, supervisory, funding, evaluation, and service aspects of rural road management.
把责任制作为管理的重中之重，出台《关于深化农村公路管理养护体制改革的意见》，确立省、市级政府加强统筹和指导监督、县级政府履行主体责任，建立县级相关部门、乡级政府农村公路管理养护权力和责任清单，形成上下联动、密切配合、齐抓共管的工作局面。
Placing a strong emphasis on accountability, it has issued the Opinions on Deepening Reform of the Management and Maintenance System for Rural Roads, stipulatingthat provincial and municipalgovernments should strengthen overall planning, guidance and supervision, and county-level governments should fulfill their primary responsibilities. A detailed list of powers and responsibilities over the management and maintenance of rural roads has been established for relevant departmentsat the county level and township governments, forming a collaborative working dynamic ensuring close coordination and joint efforts at all levels.
Stipulate vt. (尤指在协议或建议中)规定, 约定, 讲明(条件等)
Dynamic adj. 动态的；动力的；动力学的；有活力的n. 动态；动力
建立农村公路“路长制”（专栏4），由县、乡两级行政负责人和村（居）委员会负责人担任路长，实现跨部门协同，推动政府主体责任高效落实，使农村公路管理逐步从粗放向精准、从被动向主动、从单打独斗向齐心协力转变。
A road chief system for rural roads (see Panel 4) has been implemented, designating county, township-level administrative heads and village (neighborhood) committee heads as road chiefs to ensure cross-departmental coordination, thereby promoting the efficient implementation of the government's primary responsibilities, and gradually transforming rural road management from an extensive, passive, and fragmented approach to an intensive, proactive, and collaborative one.
Designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ vt. 指派, 委任；标明, 指明, 命名
Fragmented adj. 成碎片的，片断的
Extensive adj. 广阔的，广泛的；大量的，大规模的
Intensive adj. 加强的, 集中的, 密集的；彻底的；加强语气的
Proactive adj. 主动的，积极的；先发制人的
（二）建立多元化资金保障机制
2. Developing a Diversified Funding Mechanism
Diversified /dɪ'vɝsɪfaɪd/ adj. 多样化的；多种经营的
农村公路的发展离不开资金的投入和保障，特别是中央和地方各级政府财政资金是保障中国农村公路快速发展的关键。各级政府坚持上下联动、统筹推进，逐步构建“政府主导、分级负责、多元筹资、规范高效”的农村公路资金筹措体制机制，有效破解农村公路资金保障难题。
The development of rural roads relies heavily on funding, particularly from the central and local governments, whose fiscal contributions are essential to ensuring the rapid development of China's rural roads. Governments at all levels have maintained close coordination and a unified approach, gradually establishing a rural road funding mechanism characterized by government leadership, tiered responsibilities, diverse funding sources, and procedure-based and efficient management. This approach has effectively addressed the challenges of securing adequate funding for rural road projects.
Fiscal adj. 国库的；会计的，财政的
Tiered n. 行，列；层，排；等级vt. 使层叠vi. 成递升排列
明确农村公路财政事权与支出责任。推进交通运输领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，将农村公路明确为地方财政事权，细化和夯实各级政府在农村公路方面的财政事权和支出责任，改变过去长期以来“上下不清，左右不明”的局面。对地方政府履行农村公路财政事权、落实支出责任存在收支缺口的，上级政府根据不同时期发展目标给予资金支持。
Clarifying the fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities for rural roads. Reforms have been introduced to divide fiscal powers and spending responsibilities between central and local governments in the transport sector, with rural roads explicitlydesignated as a local fiscal power. By refining and specifyingthe fiscal powers and spending responsibilities of governments at all levels regarding rural roads, China has addressed the long-standingambiguity surrounding these fiscal responsibilities. To support local governments facing funding gaps in fulfilling their fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities for rural roads, higher-level governments will provide financial support based on evolving development goals.
Expenditure n. 花费, 使用；(尤指金钱的)支出额
Explicitlyadv. 明白地，明确地
Designatevt. 指派, 委任；标明，指明，命名
Refine vt. 精炼，提纯；使…文雅；改善
Specify vt. 指定；列举；详细说明；把…列入说明书
Ambiguity n. 歧义；意义不明确；模棱两可的意思/话；含糊话
Evolving adj. 进化的，展开的evolvevt. & vi.演变；进化
加大各级财政资金支持力度。政府投入在农村公路建设养护中发挥至关重要的作用，中央通过车辆购置税收入补助地方资金、中央预算内投资、成品油税费改革转移支付等资金渠道，省、市、县三级政府加大各类财政资金投入支持农村公路发展。
Increased financial support from governments at all levels. Government funding plays a crucialrole in the construction and maintenance of rural roads. The central government has allocated funds through various channels, including the vehicle purchase tax revenue, central budgetary investment, and transfer payments from the reform of taxes and fees related to refined oil products. Provincial, municipal, and county governments have also increased their financial support to rural road development.
Allocate vt. 分配；拨出；使坐落于vi. 分配；指定
Budgetary adj.预算上的à budget n. 预算；政府预算案；预算额，经费；vt. & vi. 编制预算，安排开支等
Provincial, municipal, and county governments省、市、县三级政府
/prəˈvɪnʃl//mjuːˈnɪsɪpl/
地方政府将农村公路管理机构运行经费和人员基本支出纳入地方一般公共预算，将农村公路发展纳入地方政府一般债券重点支持范围。
Local governments have incorporated the operating expenses and basic personnel costs of rural road management agencies into their general public budgets and have prioritized rural road development in their general bond issuance plans.
Incorporate vt. 包含, 加上, 吸收；把…合并, 使并入；组成公司
Bond n. 结合；粘合剂；债券；约定vi. 结合，团结在一起vt.以…作保；使结合
Issuance /'ɪsjʊəns/ n.〈美〉发行,发布
农村公路日常养护资金按照不低于县道每年每公里10000元、乡道每年每公里5000元、村道每年每公里3000元的标准执行。
A minimum annual maintenance funding standard of RMB10,000 per kilometer for county roads, RMB5,000 per kilometer for township roads, and RMB3,000 per kilometer for village roads has been implemented.
指导各地用好用足农村客运补贴资金。十年来，累计完成农村公路固定资产投资4.3万亿元，累计投入养护资金1.1万亿元，其中政府资金均占80%左右。每年中央财政投入89亿元农村客运补贴资金。
The central government has also provided guidance to local governments to maximize the effective use of rural passenger transportsubsidy funds. Over the past decade, a cumulative investment of RMB4.3 trillion has been made in rural road fixed assets, and RMB1.1 trillion has been invested in maintenance, with approximately 80 percent of the total funding in either category coming from the government. The central government contributes RMB8.9 billion annually in subsidies for rural passenger transport.
利用多元化市场融资方式拓宽融资渠道。充分发挥市场融资机制在农村公路发展中的重要作用，积极拓宽资金来源渠道。
Expandingfinancing channelsthrough diverse market-based methods. China has fully leveraged the critical role of market-based financing mechanisms in rural road development and actively expanded financing channels.
Leveragen. 〈物〉杠杆作用, 杠杆的力量；力量, 影响vt. 促使…改变
各地区结合实际，通过将农村公路与产业、园区、乡村旅游等经营性项目实行一体化开发等方式创新“农村公路+”投融资模式（专栏5）。
In line with local conditions, all localities have developed innovative "rural road plus" investment and financing models by integrating rural roads with commercial projects in relation to industries, industrial parks, rural tourism, and other economic activities (see Panel 5).
Integratevt. 使结合成为整体vt. & vi. (使)融入
通过将农村公路管养纳入政府购买服务指导性目录，探索农村公路灾毁保险等方式支持农村公路养护。
To support rural road maintenance, the government has incorporated road management and maintenance in the procurementservices guidance catalog and explored mechanisms such as disaster insurance for rural roads.
Incorporatevt. 包含, 加上, 吸收；把…合并, 使并入；组成公司
Procurementn. 获得；采购
鼓励各类金融机构依法合规加大对符合条件的农村公路建设的支持力度。
It has also encouraged various financial institutions to increase their support for eligible rural road construction projects within the bounds of laws and regulations.
Eligible/ˈelɪdʒəbl/adj. 有资格当选的, 有条件被选中的；合适的,适当的
Within the bounds of laws and regulations依法合规
十年来，全国累计使用各类金融机构信贷资金约8000亿元用于农村公路发展。
Over the past decade, approximately RMB800 billion in credit funds from various financial institutions have been allocated to rural road development nationwide.
Allocatevt. 分配；拨出；使坐落于vi.分配；指定
规范高效用好农村公路发展资金。完善车辆购置税补助地方资金转移支付制度，利用“以奖代补”方式支持农村公路建设（专栏6）。
Strengthening oversight and efficiency in the use of rural road development funds. China has improved the transfer payment system for subsidies to local governments from the vehicle purchase tax revenue, as subsidies for rural road construction are now provided as a type of rewards for good local performance (see Panel 6).
对各级财政用于农村公路的资金实施全过程预算绩效管理，提高农村公路资金使用效益，加强农村公路资金使用监管，给资金戴上“紧箍咒”。
All public funds allocated to rural roads are subject tofull-cycle budget performance management, ensuring efficient utilization of rural road funds. China has strengthened oversight over the use and management of rural road funds.
Be subject to受支配; 从属于; 可以…的; 常遭受…
在资金管理和使用上建立“谁申报谁负责”“谁使用谁负责”的责任机制，确保资金实际足额拨付到位，并按有关规定向社会公开，接受群众监督。
A responsibility system has been established to ensure accountability for those who apply for funds and those who use them, guaranteeing the full and actual disbursement of funds. Relevant information is disclosed in accordance with applicable regulations for public oversight.
Disbursement n.支付，支出；支付款
Disclosevt. 揭露；公开
applicable adj. 适当的; 合适的regulations规程；规章；守则；条例
加强农村公路债务风险防控，依法合规筹措债务资金。
China has also intensifieddebt risk preventionand control for rural road projects, ensuring that debt financing is raised in accordance with laws and regulations.
in accordance with laws and regulations依法合规
（三）数字化转型提升治理效能
3. Increasing Governance Efficiency ThroughDigital Transformation
数字化是提高农村公路治理能力的“助推器”。坚持“统筹谋划、需求导向、协同共享、安全适用”的原则，推动农村公路建设、管理、养护、运行、服务全流程数字化转型，为构建现代化农村交通运输体系提供支撑。
Digitalization helps improve governance capacity for rural roads. By adhering to the principles of comprehensive planning, demand-driven development, collaboration and sharing, and safe and applicable technology, China has promoted digital transformation across the entire lifecycle of rural roads, including construction, management, maintenance, operation, and services. This transformation has supported the development of a modern rural transport system.
筑牢农村公路数字化底座。实施《农村公路基础设施统计调查制度》《公路养护统计调查制度》《道路运输统计调查制度》等，定期开展监测统计，建立基础设施数据库，实现农村公路建、管、养、运全业务链条的在线管理监测，提升农村公路数字化、智能化的统计、监测和管理水平。
Solidifying the digital foundation for rural roads. China has implemented a series of statistical survey systems, including the Rural Road Infrastructure Statistics Survey System, the Road Maintenance Statistics Survey System, and the Road Transport Statistics Survey System. Through regular monitoring and data collection, it has established a comprehensive infrastructure database, enabling the online management and monitoring of all processes related to rural road construction, management, maintenance, and operation. As a result, statistical surveying, monitoring and management of rural roads have been improved through a digital and smart transformation.
开展农村公路“一路一档”信息化建设，实现每条农村公路基础数据信息可查可溯，基本实现农村公路“一张图”管理。
It has also initiated a "one road, one file" information system for rural roads, ensuring that basic data for each road can easily be found online. This initiative has enabled integrated management for rural roads.
Initiative n. 主动性, 首创精神；主动的行动, 倡议；主动权
Integrated adj.整体的；完全的；综合的；集成的；整合的；结合的；连成一体的；互相协调的
深化农村公路数字化应用。结合基础数据，推进技术状况、养护作业、资金分配、应急调度、“路长制”运行、统计管理、出行服务等数据融合，实现信息互通共享。
Expanding digital application in rural road management. By combining basic data with information on technical conditions, maintenance operations, funds allocation, emergency dispatch, the road chief system operations, statistical management, and travel services, China has facilitated information interconnectivity and sharing.
Dispatchn. 派遣；急件vt. 派遣；[计算机]分派
创新引入物联网、卫星遥感、云计算、人工智能等先进信息技术，积极探索AI自动巡检、无人机智能巡检、路网智慧监测、智慧养护、灾害智慧预警、大数据决策分析等在农村公路领域的应用场景，持续提升农村公路数字化水平。
It has applied advanced information technologies such as the Internet of Things, satellite remote sensing, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) in rural road management. Through active exploration of application scenarios such as AI-powered automated inspections,unmanned aerial vehicle inspections, intelligent road network monitoring, intelligent maintenance, intelligent disaster early warning, and big data-driven decision-making and analysisin rural road management, China has steadily increased the digitalization level of rural roads.
Application scenarios 应用场景
AI-powered automated inspections AI自动巡检
Unmanned aerial vehicle inspections 无人机智能巡检
Big data-driven decision-making and analysis大数据决策分析
（四）示范试点带动整体提升
4. Driving Overall Improvement Through Demonstration and Pilot Programs
通过示范创建、试点探索、品牌建设等方式，让典型引路和发挥示范作用，带动提升农村公路整体发展水平。
By establishing demonstration projects, conducting pilot programs, and building business brands, China has facilitated the creation of leading models that drive the overall development of rural roads.
开展示范创建活动。组织开展“四好农村路”全国示范县、城乡交通运输一体化示范县等示范创建活动（专栏7），促进实践创新。
Promoting demonstration projects. To encourage best practices and innovation, China has organized various demonstration programs, including the creation of national model counties for high-quality rural roads that are properly built, managed, maintained, and operated and model counties for rural-urban transport integration (see Panel 7).
2018年以来，累计命名“四好农村路”全国示范县545个，城乡交通运输一体化示范县102个。
Since 2018, it has designated 545 counties as national model counties for high-quality rural roads and 102 for integrated rural-urban transport.
Designate vt. 指派, 委任；标明, 指明, 命名
Integrated rural-urban transport 城乡交通运输一体化
加强经验总结和推广，在“路长制”、信息化应用、资金筹措、交旅融合、客货邮融合、促进共同富裕等领域形成100余个典型案例和150个农村物流服务品牌。
It has intensified its efforts in documenting and rolling out successful models, resulting in the creation of over 100 exemplary cases and 150 rural logistics service brandsin areas such as the road chief system, information technology applications, financing, integration of transport and tourism, integration of passenger, freight, and postal services, and the promotion of common prosperity.
Exemplary case 典型案例
Exemplary/ɪɡˈzempləri/ adj. 杰出的；值得效仿的adv. 杰出地；值得效仿地n. 杰出，模范
Rural logistics service brands 农村物流服务品牌
Promotion of common prosperity 促进共同富裕
加强试点探索。试点是探索发展路径、提高管理效能的重要手段。
Intensifying pilot programs. Pilot programs serve as an essential tool in exploring development paths and increasing management efficiency.
围绕交通强国建设发展目标，开展15个“四好农村路”高质量发展交通强国建设专项试点，在政策制度、体制机制、技术创新、融合发展、灾毁保险等方面，探索不同区域、不同领域农村公路高质量发展新路径。
In alignment with the goal of building up its strength in transport, China has launched 15 special pilot programs for high-quality rural roads. These pilots explore new paths for the high-quality development of rural roads in different regions and sectors, covering aspects such as policy measures, systems and mechanisms, technological innovation, integrated development, and disaster insurance.
确定167个农村公路管理养护体制改革试点单位，聚焦“路长制、创新养护生产模式、信息化管理、美丽农村路、资金保障、创新投融资机制、信用评价机制、政府考核”8个领域，推进农村公路管理责任落实、管理机制完善、管理模式创新。
It has identified167 government agenciesin piloting reform of the management and maintenance systems of rural roads. These agencies focus on eight key areas: the road chief system, innovative maintenance models, IT-based management, beautiful rural roads, financial guarantees, innovative investment and financing mechanisms, credit rating mechanisms, and government performance evaluation. The goals are to fulfill rural road management responsibilities, improve management mechanisms, and create innovative management models.
Government agencies 政府机关; 当局机构; 政府单位
Financial guarantees 资金保障
