二、农村公路通到老百姓家门口

II. Building Rural Roads Accessible to Every Household

家门口的幸福，起于阡陌交通。以适应和满足优化村镇布局、农村经济发展和农民安全便捷出行需求为目标，持之以恒、攻坚克难，稳步推进农村交通基础设施建设，“晴天一身土，雨天一身泥”成为历史，“出门水泥路，抬脚上客车”的梦想变为现实。

Easy access to convenient roads brings happiness to the doorstep. To improve the layout of villages and townships, encourage rural economic growth, and meet the needs of rural people for safe and easy travel, China has steadilydeveloped its rural transport infrastructure and resolved any problems encountered through hard work and perseverance. Trudging through dust and mud on dirt roads has become a thing of the past; cement roads leading to every household have made bus services available for all – a dream come true.

Encounter vt. 遇到, 遭遇；偶然碰到, 邂逅n. 突然遇到

Trudgingàtrudgevi. 跋涉；步履艰难地走vt.跋涉n.长途跋涉；沉重的步伐

（一）通村畅乡连片成网

1. Building a Rural Road Network Connecting Villages, Towns and Townships

十年来，中国农村公路建设成效显著，在农村公路总规模增长的同时，技术等级和通达深度也明显提升。

Over the past decade, notable achievements have been made in the construction of rural roads in China. While the total length has increased, technical standards and accessibilityhave also significantly improved. 

里程规模显著增长。十年来，新改建农村公路250余万公里。截至2023年底，农村公路总里程达到460万公里，长度可绕地球赤道115圈，十年间增长21.7%。县道、乡道、村道里程分别达到70万公里、124万公里、266万公里。农村公路桥梁达到53万座、隧道2222座。形成了一张县道沟通城乡、乡道往来交织、村道抵田连户的农村交通基础设施网络。

Marked increase in length. Upgraded and newly-built rural roads have added up to over 2.5 million km over the past decade. By the end of 2023, the total length of rural roads reached 4.6 million km, an increase of 21.7 percent over 2013, enough to circle the equator115 times. A total of 700,000 km of county roads, 1.24 million km of township roads and 2.66 million km of village roads had been built. There were a total of 530,000 highway bridges and 2,222 tunnels in rural areas. A rural transport infrastructure network in which county roads connect rural and urban areas, township roads crisscross, and village roads facilitate travel between households and farmland is in place.

技术等级逐年提高。截至2023年底，农村公路等级路②里程及比例分别达到445万公里和96.8%，铺装路面里程及比例分别达到422万公里和91.8%，十年间分别提高了11.9个百分点、27.2个百分点。

Rising technical standard. By the end of 2023, there were 4.45 million km of graded rural roads2, making up 96.8 percent of the total rural roads. Paved roadsmeasured 4.22 million km and accounted for 91.8 percent of the total rural roads, representing an increase of 11.9 and 27.2 percentage points respectively over the past 10 years.

【Tip2】 Graded roads refer to expressways, and Grade I, Grade II, Grade III and Grade IV highways as categorized in the Technical Standard of Highway Engineering.②“等级路”指按《公路工程技术标准》，技术等级为高速、一级、二级、三级、四级的公路。

通达深度全面提升。实现了具备条件的约3万个乡镇、超过50万个建制村全部通硬化路（专栏1）。有序实施了较大人口规模自然村（组）通硬化路建设。旅游景点、产业园区、资源矿产等农村地区主要经济节点的通硬化路问题基本解决。偏远地区尤其是山区农民群众对外出行更加便捷。

Increasing accessibility. Where conditions are right, paved roads have been built in about 30,000 towns and townships and over 500,000 administrative villages (see Panel 1). The construction of paved roads has been gradually completed in natural villages (or household groups) with relatively large populations. They have also been built in rural tourist destinations, industrial parks, sources of resources and minerals, and other points of economic growth. This makes travel in remote areas and particularly in mountainous areas more convenient. 

（二）有规划有步骤有目标

2. Achieving the Goal with Good Planning and a Progressive Approach

Progressive adj. 不断前进的, 有进展的, 逐渐上升的；进步的, 先进的

Approach vt. & vi. 接近，走近，靠近vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理n. 靠近，接近，临近；通路，入口，途径；方式，方法

立足服务国家发展战略和农村经济社会发展需求，坚持规划引领、加强统筹协调，科学制定农村公路发展阶段性目标、任务和路径，推进农村公路事业稳步有序发展。

In order to serve the national development strategy and rural economic and social development needs, China has set well-conceived goals, tasks, and roadmaps for steady and orderly rural road development, with good planning and coordination.

系统谋划农村公路发展。农村公路中长期规划是农村公路事业持续健康发展的基本依据。我国2005年发布《农村公路建设规划》，2013年发布《集中连片特困地区交通建设扶贫规划纲要（2011－2020年）》，提出到2020年具备条件的乡镇和建制村通沥青（水泥）路等发展目标，把具备条件的乡镇和建制村通硬化路作为全面建成小康社会的交通运输兜底性任务，加大贫困地区农村公路建设力度。

Systematic planning. Medium- and long-term plans are the basis for the continuous and sound development of rural roads. One of the goals of the Plan for Rural Road Construction released in 2005 and the Outline of Poverty Alleviation-Oriented Transport Projects in Contiguous Poverty-Stricken Areas (2011-2020) issued in 2013 was to connect towns, townships and administrative villages where conditions allow with asphalt (cement) roads by 2020. Another was to build paved roads within these locations, a basic transport requirement in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and to step up road construction in impoverished areas. 

Stricken adj. 受灾的, 遭损害的；经受或不堪…之苦的

moderately prosperous society小康社会

impoverished adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的

2021年发布《农村公路中长期发展纲要》，构建便捷高效的农村公路骨干路网、普惠公平的农村公路基础网络，科学指导全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程阶段农村公路建设与发展。2022年发布《全国国土空间规划纲要（2021－2035年）》，引导农村公路与产业园区、旅游景区等协同布局，加强农村公路与乡村文旅资源和特色产业对接。

The Outline for Medium- and Long-term Development of Rural Roads issued in 2021 set the goal of building a convenient and efficient trunk road network and an inclusive and equitable basic road network in rural areas, offering guidance to rural road construction and development on the new journey towards a modern socialist country. The Outline for National Territorial Space Planning (2021-2035) released in 2022 guided the design of rural roads linking industrial parks and tourist destinations, and strengthened the impact of rural roads on cultural and tourist resources and distinctive local businesses. 

有序推进农村公路建设。在中长期规划指引下，制定了公路五年发展规划等阶段性规划。合理确定不同时期的农村公路发展目标和重点任务（专栏2），有序实施“通达通畅工程”、提档升级工程、安全能力提升工程、联网路建设工程等。因地制宜、分区分类施策，统筹推进农村公路建设，一步一步推进、积小胜为大胜，逐步提升农村公路服务能力和水平。

Orderly construction. China has formulated five-year development plans for rural roads under the guidance of medium- and long-term plans. Well-planned development goals and key tasks for different periods have been set (see Panel 2). To build higher-quality roads for greater connectivity, it has phased in road upgrading, road safety improvement, and networked road construction, and taken region- and category-specific measures to develop rural roads in accordance with local conditions. All of this has helped to improve rural road service capacity and standard.

（三）不让任何一地因交通而掉队

3. No Region Should Be Left Behind Because of Inadequate Road Coverage

人民交通为人民。农村公路发展过程中始终把人民对美好生活的向往作为努力方向，注重均衡发展、协调发展，让人民群众共享交通发展成果，不让任何一地因交通而掉队。

Transport should serve the people. Meeting the people's aspiration for a better life should always be the goal in rural road development. Coordinated and balanced development should be emphasized so that people can share the benefits of improved transport and that no region is left behind due to poor road access.

促进区域农村公路平衡发展。中国幅员辽阔、乡村广布，区域间发展程度参差不齐。制定差异化农村公路建设支持政策，对中部地区、西部地区、特殊困难地区确定不同的建设重点，制定投资政策进行倾斜性支持，重点发展脱贫县、乡村振兴重点帮扶县、欠发达地区、山区、民族地区等地区农村公路，逐步补齐短板，缓解区域间农村公路发展不平衡问题。

Promoting balanced development of rural roads between regions. China is a vast country with extensive rural areas, the level of development varying from region to region. The government haslentdifferentiated policy support in rural road development to the central region, western region, and deeply impoverished areas, setting different priorities and giving them preferential policies in regard to investment as more roads are built in counties that have just emerged from poverty, counties requiring government support in rural revitalization, underdeveloped areas, mountainous areas, and ethnic minority areas, reducing imbalances in rural road development between regions.

缩小城乡交通差距。持续提升农村公路品质，实施路面硬化、窄路基或窄路面路段改造、乡镇通三级路、建制村通双车道公路、乡镇对外双通道、老旧县乡道改造等一系列工程，农村地区交通基础网络、骨干网络不断完善，与城市道路的差距逐步缩小。

Narrowing the gap between rural and urban roads. China has steadily improved rural road quality, launching projects to harden road surfacing, renovate roads with a shallow subgrade or surface, build Grade III roads in towns and townships and two-lane roads in administrative villages, connect towns and townships to county and provincial arterial roads, and renovate old county and township roads. These efforts have improved the basic and trunk road networks in rural areas, gradually narrowing the gap between rural and urban roads.

Provincial adj. 大行政区的;省的<贬>褊狭的;守旧的;迂腐的n. <贬>首都以外的人;地区居民adv. 外省地;地方地

Arterial adj. 动脉的, 似动脉的

解决特殊地区出行难题。改一条溜索、修一段公路就能给群众打开一扇脱贫致富的大门。为了保障偏远山区百姓安全出行，推动“溜索改桥”建设，专项资金支持、精心组织实施，用3年时间彻底改善了溜索地区出行条件（专栏3）。推进“直过民族”③和人口较少民族聚居区农村公路建设，解决民族地区交通闭塞的突出问题，加快民族地区脱贫致富步伐。

Ensuring transport accessibility in far-flungmountainous areas. Replacing zip lines with bridges and building new roads can open the door to prosperity for people living deep in the mountains. To guarantee safe travel for people living in remote mountainous areas, China channeled special funds to replace zip lines with bridges, significantly improving these regions' access to the outside world after three years' hard work (see Panel 3). It has stepped up the effortto build rural roads for regions inhabited by ethnic groups skipping development stages to directly enter socialist society in Yunnan Province and by ethnic groups with smaller populations, breaking the transport bottleneck for them and acceleratingtheir progress out of poverty and towards prosperity.

far-flung遥远的;分布广的;广泛的acceleratevt. & vi. (使)加快, (使)增速

（四）标准引路向“绿”而行

4. Pursuing Green Development of Rural Roads Guided by Policy Measures and Technical Standards

以政策制度、标准规范为指引，强化监管监督，建设质量优良、安全耐久、绿色发展的农村公路。

Guided by policy measures and technical standards and with strengthened supervision, China aims to pursue green development of safe, durableand high-quality rural roads.

强化制度标准保障。管理制度让农村公路建设有法可依、有章可循。出台《农村公路建设管理办法》等部门规章和《农村公路建设质量管理办法》《关于提升农村公路工程质量耐久性的实施意见》等政策制度文件，为农村公路建设责任划分、建设规划、资金筹措、建设施工、质量安全、工程验收等提供有效的制度保障。

Strengtheninginstitutionalguarantee. Regulation systemsoffer a legal framework for rural road development. Departmental regulations and policies such as Administrative Measures for Rural Road Construction, Administrative Measures for Rural Road Quality, and Instructions on Improving the Quality and Durability of Rural Road Engineering have been rolled out to provide an effective institutional guarantee for the whole process of construction from responsibility assignment, project planning, fund raising, and road building, to quality control, safety management and check and acceptance.

建设符合标准的农村公路。结合地形地貌等实际情况，以《公路工程技术标准》《小交通量农村公路工程技术标准》等为指导，在技术等级选用、交通量、设计速度、路线、路基、路面、安全设施等方面严格执行行业或地方标准规范，确保建成符合标准的农村公路。农村公路宽度一般不低于4.5米，高级路面（沥青、水泥混凝土路面）比例超过87%。

Meeting technical standards. To bring rural roads up to standard under the guidance of Technical Standard of Highway Engineering and Technical Standard of Low Volume Rural Highway Engineering, China has strictly followed industry standards or local construction standardsin terms of choice of technical grade, traffic volume, design speed, routes, subgrade, road surface, and safety facilities, while giving consideration to different topographic and geomorphic conditions. The width of rural roads is generally at least 4.5 meters, and over 87 percent of them have a high-grade surface (asphalt or cement).

Topographic adj.地志的,地形学上的 Geomorphic adj.似地球形状的

打造质量耐久的农村公路。高度重视农村公路建设质量，贯彻全过程质量安全理念，严格执行公路建设项目法人责任制度、招标投标制度、工程监理制度和合同管理制度。严格按图施工，对偷工减料等行为严肃查处。加强对农村公路参建人员职业培训和技术指导，提升农村公路质量管控能力。强化建设质量检测，开展年度农村公路实体质量抽检，重点加强农村公路安全防护设施质量监管。农村公路建设工程实行质量责任终身制。

Ensuring durability. China prioritizes quality in rural road construction, embracing the concept of whole-process quality and safety management, and enforcing systems directing legal person accountability, tenders and bids, project supervision, and contract management. Rural road projects are delivered in strict accordance with the construction blueprints, and any jerry-building is investigated and punished.Vocational training and technical guidance have been intensified for construction workers to improve quality control. Quality inspection has been strengthened by launching annual sampling inspection on rural roads and giving particular attention to quality supervision of road safety facilities. A lifelong accountability system for road quality has been put in place. 

tenders 招标a tender document招标书

bids 投标a bid document 投标书

强化工程质量监督评价，推行农村公路建设“七公开”制度，将建设计划、补助政策、招投标、施工管理、质量监管、资金使用和工程验收等信息公开，接受社会监督。建立以质量为核心的农村公路信用评价机制，质量信用评价结果在市场准入、招投标和行业监管中得到应用。

China has strengthened supervision and evaluation of project quality and made information available to the public regarding construction plans, subsidy policies, tenders and bids, construction management, quality supervision, use of funds, and project inspection and acceptance. It has established a credit evaluation mechanism focusing on road quality, and the credit is referred to in market access, tenders and bids, and industry supervision.

推进绿色发展。绿水青山就是金山银山，牢固树立和践行绿色发展理念，建设以资源节约、生态环保、节能高效、服务提升为主要特征的绿色农村公路，实现健康可持续发展。节约集约利用资源，严格保护土地资源。推行废旧材料再生循环利用。推行生态环保设计，严守生态保护红线，实现路与自然和谐共生。突出全寿命周期成本理念，实施标准化施工。因地制宜建设沿线充电基础设施、交通驿站、停车休息观景点等，服务群众绿色、便捷出行。

Seeking green development. Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. China upholds and actson a vision of healthy, sustainable, and green development, building green rural roads which are resource-saving, environment-friendly, energy-efficient, and provide quality service. It sticks to economical and intensive use of resources and strictly protects land resources. Great efforts have been made in recycling waste and scrap. It has adopted environment-friendly designs and enforced the red lines for eco-environmental conservation to ensure harmony between roadscapes and nature. Life-cycle cost analysis is observed in standardized construction. Charging facilities, service stations, and roadside scenic lookouts are built depending on local conditions to provide people with green and convenient travel experience.

【Golden Sentence】Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

绿水青山就是金山银山。