（八）美方加征所谓“对等关税”损人害己
8. The "Reciprocal Tariffs" Imposed by the US Will Damage Its Own and Others' Interests
2025年4月2日，美国政府宣布对贸易伙伴征收所谓“对等关税”，其中对中国加征的“对等关税”税率为34%，还针对中方正当反制措施进一步加征50%关税。
On April 2, 2025, the US government announced the imposition of "reciprocal tariffs" on goods imported from multiple trading partners, including a tariff of 34 percent on Chinese goods. It is now imposing an additional 50 percent tariff in response to China's legitimate countermeasures.
美方做法罔顾多年来多边贸易谈判达成的利益平衡结果，也无视美方长期从国际贸易中大量获利的事实，试图以“产业保护”“国家安全”等名义高筑贸易壁垒，不仅严重违反世界贸易组织规则，严重冲击多边贸易体制，严重损害相关方的正当合法权益，也无助于解决其国内经济问题，必将遭到反噬、自食恶果。
Disregarding the balancing of interests achieved over years of multilateral trade negotiations, and ignoring the fact that it has derived enormous and long-standing benefit from international trade, the US has chosen to erect high trade barriers in the name of goals such as "industrial protection" and "national security". This is a severe violation of WTO rules that damages the multilateral trading system and erodes the legitimate rights and interests of the parties affected. The move will not help to solve domestic economic problems in the US, but will ultimately backfireand make the US a victim of its own misdeeds.
Misdeed /ˌmɪs'did/ n. 违法行为，罪恶
“对等关税”推高美国通胀压力。耶鲁大学预算实验室预测显示，“对等关税”实施后，在其他国家采取反制措施的情况下，美国个人消费支出（PCE）价格涨幅将扩大至2.1%，美国低、中、高收入家庭平均将损失1300美元、2100美元、5400美元，成为关税的最终“买单”者。受新一轮加征关税影响，美国食品、服装、电子产品及日用品等日常消费品零售价格上涨压力将明显增大。
The tariffs will increase inflationary pressure in the US. The Budget Lab at Yale University forecasts that when other countries retaliate with countermeasures, the US Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index will rise by 2.1 percent, costing US families with low, medium, and high incomes, as the ultimate "payer" of the tariffs, an average of US$1,300, US$2,100, US$5,400 per household respectively. With the impositionof the new round of tariffs, pressure on the retail price of daily consumer goods such as food, clothing, electronics, and daily necessities will increase significantly.
Inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的，通货膨胀倾向的
Retaliate /rɪˈtælieɪt/ vi. 报复, 反击
“对等关税”削弱美国产业基础。特朗普政府试图通过关税迫使制造业回流，但事实上，关税将通过产业链供应链逐级传导，加剧供应链断裂与产业空心化风险，增大了发展制造业的难度。
The tariffs will weaken the US industrial base. The Trump administration intends that these tariffs will force the reshoring of the US manufacturing industry. In reality the tariffs will gradually affect the industrial chain and supply chain, aggravate the risk of supply chain disruption and industrial hollowing out, and add to problems hindering the development of manufacturing.
Aggravate /ˈægrəveɪt/ vt. 使恶化, 使更严重；激怒, 使恼火
彼得森国际经济研究所数据显示，90%以上的关税成本将转嫁至美国进口商、下游企业和最终消费者。
The Peterson Institute for International Economics assesses that over 90 percent of the tariff costs will be borne by US importers, by downstream businesses, and ultimately, through higher prices, by the end consumers.
“对等关税”加剧金融市场恐慌。美“对等关税”宣布第二天，美股三大指数均暴跌超过5%。同时，美元对欧元汇率明显下行，显示市场对关税干扰经济运行的担忧加剧，信心受到严重冲击。
The tariffs will aggravate panic in the financial market. On the day following the announcement of the tariffs, the three major US stock indexes each declined by more than 5 percent. Meanwhile, the US dollar has fallen hard against the euro, demonstrating the growing concern of the market at the disruption of the economy, and the drastic impact on confidence.
“对等关税”加大美国经济衰退风险。摩根大通、高盛等机构均大幅上调美国经济衰退概率。相关研究认为，“对等关税”及相关国家对美反制，可能拉低美国实际GDP增速1个百分点左右。
The tariffs will increase the risk of US economic recession. JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, and other US financial institutions have all substantially increased their odds of the risk of a US recession. According to their research, the US tariffs and the countermeasures of other countries could lead to a reduction of US real GDP by approximately 1 percentage point.
同时，“对等关税”还将扭曲全球市场资源配置，破坏全球合作根基，影响世界经济长期稳定增长。美国加征“对等关税”破坏全球产业链供应链稳定，严重冲击世界经济循环。世界贸易组织总干事伊维拉表示，美国加征关税将对全球贸易和经济增长前景造成巨大影响，可能导致2025年全球商品贸易量总体萎缩约1%，较上次预测下调近4个百分点。
At the same time, the tariffs will distort the allocation of global market resources, undermine the foundations of global cooperation, and affect the long-term steady growth of the global economy. They will undermine the stability of global industrial and supply chains, and deliver a severe blow to international economic circulations. The Director-Generalof the WTO Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said that the new US tariffs will have a devastating impact on global trade and economic growth, leading to a contraction of around 1 percent in global goods trade volumes in 2025, representing a 4 percentage point drop against the previous forecast.
Distort vt. 扭曲；曲解；使失真vi. 扭曲；变形
Devastating /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj. 毁灭性的；很好的, 引人注目的
历史实践反复证明，贸易保护主义无助于改善本国经济，反而严重破坏世界贸易投资体系，可能引发全球性经济金融危机，最终必将损人害己。
History has repeatedly taught the lesson that trade protectionism will not help to strengthen a country's domestic economy. Instead, it will do severe damage to world trade and investment, which could trigger a global economic and financial crisis, with the inevitable consequences for oneself and others.
