行业洞察 | 供水漏损与无收益水(NRW)必备指南,请查收!

According to the World Bank, water losses pose a significant threat to water supply systems globally. In a comprehensive report on water utility performance, the World Bank estimates that in many developing countries, NRW levels can exceed 50 per cent, indicating that more than half of the treated water never reaches consumers. In developing countries, roughly 45 million cubic meters of water are lost daily with an economic value of over US$3 billion per year.

世界银行集团指出，水流失对全球供水系统都构成重大威胁。在其发布的供水企业综合绩效评估报告中，该机构估计很多发展中国家的无收益水量（NRW）占比超过了50%，这意味着超过半数的出水最终未能送达用户。据统计，这些国家每日约有4500万立方米的水流失，造成的经济损失每年逾30亿美元。

The International Water Association (IWA) regularly conducts surveys and publishes reports on global water loss trends. Both the World Bank and the IWA advocate for increased investment in water infrastructure. Upgrading aging pipelines, implementing advanced metering technologies and adopting smart distribution systems are critical steps in minimising water losses.

国际水协会（IWA）对全球水资源流失定期开展调查并发布趋势报告。世界银行与国际水协会均主张加大对水利基础设施的投资力度，比如升级老旧管道、采用先进的计量技术及智能配水系统，以减少水资源流失。

As we confront the challenges of a growing global population and changing climates, technology has emerged as a crucial ally in the quest to detect and fix water leaks efficiently.

面对全球人口增长和气候变化带来的挑战，新技术的出现已成为有效探测并解决供水漏损的关键。

• Acoustic sensors have proven to be invaluable tools in the fight against water leaks, for example. These devices detect leaks by listening for the distinct sound patterns created when water escapes through pipes or infrastructure. These sensors can be strategically placed throughout a water distribution system and, when anomalies are detected, they pinpoint the location of potential leaks. The real-time monitoring capability of acoustic sensors allows for prompt response and intervention, minimising water loss.

• 例如声学传感器，经证实其效果堪称防漏神器。这类设备通过捕捉水流经管道或管网设施发生泄漏时特有的声波特征，探测漏损位置。供水系统中只需要合理布设相当量的声学传感器，一旦发现异常，就能立即锁定潜在的漏损点。而且声学传感器支持实时监测功能，技术人员能快速响应并及时处理，将水资源流失降到最低。

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also making significant strides in enhancing water leak detection through advanced analytics. Machine learning algorithms can analyse vast amounts of data, including flow rates, pressure variations and historical usage patterns. By establishing baselines and identifying deviations, AI systems can predict potential leaks before they escalate. This proactive approach enables water utilities and municipalities to take preventive measures, reducing the impact of leaks on water infrastructure.

• 人工智能（AI）技术凭借先进的数据分析优势在水资源漏损检测方面也进步神速。机器学习算法能够分析海量数据，包括水的流量、压力变化和历史使用模式等。通过建立基准线并识别数据偏差，AI系统能在潜在泄漏点扩大恶化前做到提前预测。这种前瞻性方案使供水企业和市政部门能够提前采取预防措施，有效降低泄漏对供水设施的影响。

• Satellite technology offers a macroscopic perspective on water systems, allowing for the identification of large-scale leaks or changes in water patterns. Sophisticated satellites equipped with remote sensing capabilities can detect anomalies in soil moisture levels, helping pinpoint areas at risk of leaks. This technology is particularly useful in monitoring vast and remote water infrastructure, providing a comprehensive view of water distribution networks.

• 卫星技术为水利系统提供了宏观观测视角，使人们能够及时有效识别大规模漏水或水文模型变化。搭载遥感探测技术的先进卫星平台可监测到土壤湿度异常，精准定位潜在的漏水区域。这项技术在监测广袤偏远的水利基础设施方面尤为实用，使整个输配水管网一览无余。

• Smart meters have become integral components of modern water management systems. These devices provide real-time data on water usage, allowing consumers to monitor their consumption patterns. In the event of abnormal usage, which may indicate a leak within a property, smart meters can alert homeowners or businesses, prompting swift action to address the issue. By empowering consumers with information, smart metering contributes to a culture of water conservation.

• 智能水表已成为现代水务管理系统的重要装备。它不仅能实时监测用水数据，还能帮助用户掌握自身用水习惯。当检测到用水异常，即表示可能出现室内漏水时，智能水表会立即向住户或企业发出警报，促使其及时采取应对措施解决泄漏。智能水表通过为用户提供精准数据，默默助力于节水文化的开展。

• Finally, in instances where human access is limited or unsafe, robotics and drones offer an innovative solution for leak detection. Remote-controlled devices equipped with sensors can navigate underground pipes or other challenging environments, relaying data on potential leaks. This technology not only enhances safety but also facilitates the detection of leaks in areas that would otherwise be difficult to reach.

• 最后，在人员难以进入或存在安全隐患的场景中，机器人和无人机为泄漏检测提供了新型解决方案。配备传感器的遥控设备可深入地下管道或其它复杂环境，实时传输潜在的泄漏数据。这项技术不仅提升了安全性，还能在传统方式难以触及的区域实现了泄漏点检测。

Singapore has become a global leader in water management. Through its holistic and innovative approach, Singapore has achieved a water loss rate of less than five per cent. The success story can be attributed to the widespread implementation of smart technologies, including an extensive network of sensors and real-time monitoring systems. The country also emphasises public awareness campaigns, encouraging citizens to use water responsibly. Singapore's integrated water management model showcases the power of technology, public engagement, and forward-thinking policies in achieving substantial water loss reduction.

新加坡一直是全球水资源管理领域的示范标杆。凭借创新的综合管理策略，新加坡已成功地将水流失率控制在5%以下。这一成就主要得益于智能技术的广泛应用，包括覆盖全国的传感器网络以及实时监测系统。政府还通过开展公众教育活动，增强全民节水意识。新加坡这套一体化水资源管理模式，充分展现了科技应用、公众参与和前瞻政策在有效减少水资源流失方面所爆发出的强大组合力量。

Germany has been lauded for its efficient water infrastructure and proactive leak detection measures. The country has achieved a water loss rate of around seven per cent, which is notably lower than the global average. Germany's success can be attributed to a well-maintained and modernised water distribution network. Advanced leak detection technologies, including acoustic sensors and continuous monitoring, play a crucial role in identifying and repairing leaks promptly. Additionally, stringent regulations and standards for water utilities contribute to a culture of accountability, ensuring the efficient management of water resources.

德国强大的水利基础设施和先进的泄漏检测技术始终广受各国赞誉。该国水流失率目前约为7%，远低于全球平均水平。这一成就的取得有赖于其维护良好且现代化的供水管网，更关键的是他们采用先进的泄漏检测技术，包括声波传感器和不间断监测系统，可以及时发现并修复泄漏点。此外，德国制定了严格的供水用水规范与标准，加强合规并促进问责文化形成，确保水资源得到高效管理。

Australia, a continent often grappling with drought and water scarcity, implemented a nationwide initiative known as the Waterwise Programme. This comprehensive approach aims to reduce water consumption and minimise losses across urban and agricultural sectors. The Waterwise Programme encourages water-efficient practices, implements smart irrigation systems, and invests in infrastructure upgrades. As a result, Australia has made significant strides in reducing water losses, with some regions achieving rates below 10 per cent.

澳大利亚是个长年面临干旱和缺水困扰的国家，因此他们在全国范围内推出了名为“节水计划（Waterwise Programme）”的倡议活动。该举措旨在降低城市和农业方面的用水量，并减少水资源流失。节水计划的内容包括推广各种节约用水示范、建设智能灌溉系统以及投资升级水利基础设施等。如今，澳大利亚在减少水流失方面成果显著，部分地区的水流失率已降至10%以下。

These case studies demonstrate that reducing water losses is achievable through a combination of technology, policy, and community involvement.

这些案例证明减少水流失完全可以通过技术、政策和社区参与相结合的方式来实现。

In conclusion, NRW poses a formidable challenge for water utilities globally, impacting both operational efficiency and financial sustainability. The multifaceted nature of NRW, encompassing real losses from leaks and damages to the distribution system, as well as apparent losses arising from theft and meter inaccuracies, necessitates a comprehensive approach for effective mitigation.

无收益水是全球供水企业面临的严峻挑战，既妨碍了企业运营效率，又影响到经济财务的可持续性。无收益水的复杂性体现在：它既有因输配水管网泄漏和损坏造成的实际损失，也有非法盗用和计量表失准导致的表观损失，因此需要采取一套组合拳才能有效应对。

The scale of the challenge is highlighted by alarming statistics, such as the World Bank's estimation that NRW levels in many developing countries can exceed 50 per cent, resulting in substantial economic losses and environmental consequences. Regions facing the most significant water losses include parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe, each grappling with unique factors contributing to NRW.

挑战的难度从统计数据中可见一。世界银行集团估计，许多发展中国家的无收益水量可能超过50%，造成巨大经济损失和严重的环境破坏。面临最严重水资源损失的地区包括非洲部分地区、东南亚、中东和东欧，每个区域都面临着导致无收益水的独特因素。

The full report can be read here 完整报告可在此处阅读:

https://www.aquatechtrade.com/water-stories/utilities/essential-guide-leakage-nrw