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Chinese research report draws roadmap for development of high-temperature superconducting materials

The Institute of Physics (IOP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), released on Monday the world's first strategic research report focusing on the development of high-temperature superconducting tapes, providing a clear roadmap for the large-scale application of high-temperature superconducting materials.

This report systematically reviewed the global research and development, industrialization, and application status of rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) high-temperature superconducting tapes, and for the first time, presented the 10 key scientific and technological challenges facing this field.

Superconducting materials possess extraordinary properties such as zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism. They are regarded as strategically important frontier materials for the 21st century, with broad application prospects in key sectors such as energy, transportation, healthcare and scientific research. They are considered a crucial foundation for driving future technological breakthroughs.

However, conventional superconducting materials require operation at extremely low temperatures, resulting in high refrigeration costs and dependence on scarce helium resources. Consequently, for the past few decades, the application of superconducting technology has been largely confined to a few areas, such as particle accelerators and MRI machines.

In contrast, high-temperature superconducting materials represented by REBCO exhibit critical temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen (196 degrees Celsius below zero), significantly reducing cooling costs while demonstrating substantially enhanced current-carrying capacity and high magnetic-field tolerance, thereby laying the foundation for broader-scale applications.

The report noted that since achieving commercial production in 2006, REBCO high-temperature superconducting tapes have demonstrated significant application potential across multiple fields, including magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, high-end medical equipment, large scientific facilities, and superconducting power devices. Overall, their applications are concentrated in two major directions: power systems and magnet systems.

Although REBCO high-temperature superconducting tapes have entered the early stage of commercialization, there remains substantial room for performance improvement. The key to future development lies in systematically advancing collaborative innovation across materials, fabrication, and applications, the report said.

The report also systematically distilled for the first time the 10 key scientific and technological challenges hindering the large-scale application of REBCO tapes.

"These ten key challenges stem from our in-depth investigation of the entire industrial chain, from research and development to application," said Fang Zhong, an academician for the CAS and director of the IOP.

"By aligning with major national needs such as nuclear fusion and superconducting power grids, and analyzing the gap between existing materials and practical applications, we have clarified the specific directions that need to be tackled to advance from 'usable' to 'excellent'," Zhong added.

Cheng Jinguang, deputy director of the IOP, said it is hoped that revealing these core scientific and technological challenges will enable innovative forces from various sectors across China to achieve collaborative breakthroughs and promote leapfrog development in the field of high-temperature superconductivity.

中国科学院物理研究所（IOP）周一发布了全球首份聚焦高温超导带材研发的战略研究报告，为高温超导材料的大规模应用提供了清晰的路线图。

该报告系统回顾了全球稀土钡铜氧化物（REBCO）高温超导带材的研发、产业化和应用现状，并首次提出了该领域面临的十大关键科技挑战。

超导材料具有零电阻、完全抗磁性等非凡特性，被视为21世纪具有战略意义的前沿材料，在能源、交通、医疗、科研等关键领域拥有广阔的应用前景，是推动未来技术突破的关键基础。

然而，传统超导材料需要在极低温度下运行，导致制冷成本高昂，且依赖稀缺的氦气资源。因此，在过去的几十年里，超导技术的应用主要局限于少数领域，例如粒子加速器和磁共振成像仪。

相比之下，以REBCO为代表的高温超导材料的临界温度高于液氮温度（零下196摄氏度），显著降低了冷却成本，同时展现出大幅提升的载流能力和高磁场耐受性，从而为更广泛的应用奠定了基础。

报告指出，自2006年实现商业化生产以来，REBCO高温超导带材已在多个领域展现出巨大的应用潜力，包括磁约束核聚变、高端医疗设备、大型科研设施和超导电力设备。总体而言，其应用主要集中在两个方向：电力系统和磁体系统。

尽管REBCO高温超导带材已进入商业化初期，但其性能仍有很大的提升空间。报告指出，未来发展的关键在于系统性地推进材料、制造和应用领域的协同创新。

报告还首次系统地提炼出阻碍REBCO带材大规模应用的十大关键科技挑战。

中国科学院院士、高温超导研究所所长方忠表示：“这十大关键挑战源于我们对从研发到应用的整个产业链的深入调研。”

方忠补充道：“通过与核聚变、超导电网等国家重大需求相契合，并分析现有材料与实际应用之间的差距，我们明确了从‘可用’到‘卓越’需要攻克的具体方向。”

高温超导研究所副所长程金光表示，希望揭示这些核心科技挑战能够促进全国各领域创新力量的协同突破，推动高温超导领域的跨越式发展。

Editor By: Andy Qijige

Email: qijige@gmail.com