A wave of violence is increasingly affecting American hospitals and medical centers.
一波暴力浪潮正日益影响美国的医院和医疗中心。
Recent attacks at such places make health care one of the nation's most violent industries.
最近在这些地方发生的袭击事件使医疗保健行业成为美国最暴力的行业之一。
Data shows American health care workers experience more non-deadly injuries from workplace violence than workers in any other profession -- including law enforcement.
数据显示，美国医护人员在工作场所暴力中遭受的非致命性伤害比任何其他职业（包括执法人员）都多。
Michael D'Angelo is a former police officer.
迈克尔·德安吉洛之前是一名警官。
He now works as a security adviser in Florida.
他现在在佛罗里达州担任安全顾问。
His work centers on health care and workplace violence.
他的工作重点是医疗保健和工作场所暴力。
He said, "health care workers don't even think about" risks to their safety when they decide to become a nurse or doctor.
他说，当医护人员决定成为一名护士或医生时，他们甚至不会考虑到自己的安全风险。
But, he added, "health care is four or five times more dangerous than any other profession."
但是，他补充说，“医疗保健行业的危险性是其他任何职业的四到五倍。”
Several mass shootings have taken place in hospitals across the country.
全国各地的医院已经发生了几起大规模枪击事件。
In June of last year, a gunman killed his doctor and three other people at a medical office in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
去年6月，一名枪手在俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨的一家医疗办公室杀害了他的医生和另外三人。
The gunman said he blamed the doctor for his continuing pain after an operation.
枪手说，他将手术后持续的疼痛归咎于医生。
In October of last year, a man killed two workers at a hospital in Dallas, Texas, while he was there for his child's birth.
去年10月，一名男子在得克萨斯州达拉斯市的一家医院杀害了两名工作人员，当时他正在那里等待孩子的出生。
This past May, a man opened fire in a medical center waiting room in Atlanta, Georgia.
今年5月，一名男子在佐治亚州亚特兰大市的一家医疗中心候诊室开枪。
One woman died and four other people were wounded.
一名妇女死亡，另有四人受伤。
And late last month, a gunman shot and killed a security guard at Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center in Portland, Oregon.
上个月底，一名枪手枪杀了俄勒冈州波特兰市古德撒玛利亚医疗中心的一名保安。
Police later shot and killed the suspect, who was at the hospital for his child's birth.
警方后来击毙了这名嫌疑人，当时嫌疑人正在医院等待孩子的出生。
Hospitals and medical centers are trying to create a safer environment for workers.
医院和医疗中心正在努力为工作人员创造一个更安全的环境。
Legacy Health said it plans to add more metal detectors at all of its medical centers.
莱加西医疗公司表示，其计划在其所有医疗中心增加更多的金属探测器。
It also plans to require bag searches at every hospital and send patients and visitors to controlled entrances.
它还计划要求每一家医院都要检查行李，并将患者和访客送到受控的入口。
Legacy Health also said it will provide more officers with stun guns and will add protective measures from bullets to some glass at main entrances.
莱加西医疗公司还表示，其将会为更多警察配备电击枪，并将会在主要入口处增设防弹保护措施。
The American Nurses Association says around 40 states have passed laws creating or increasing punishment for violence against health care workers.
美国护士协会表示，大约有40个州已经通过了法律，制定或增加了对暴力侵害医护人员的行为的惩罚措施。
And some states, including Indiana, Ohio, and Georgia, let hospitals create their own police forces.
一些州，包括印第安纳州、俄亥俄州和佐治亚州，允许医院建立自己的警察部队。
Critics say private hospital police can worsen the health care and policing inequalities already experienced by Black people.
批评人士表示，私立医院的警察可能会加剧黑人已经经历过的医疗保健和治安不平等。
They also say private police forces often do not have to release information such as how often they use force or if they detain members of a minority group more often.
他们还表示，私人警察部队通常不必公布他们使用武力的频率或者他们是否更频繁地拘留少数族裔群体成员等信息。
Deborah Burger is a registered nurse and president of National Nurses United.
黛博拉·伯格是一名注册护士，也是全国护士联合会的主席。
She said security teams cannot change the reasons leading to violence.
她说，安全团队无法改变导致暴力的原因。
Many of the reasons exist because of the country's problematic health care system, she said.
她说，许多原因都是因为该国存在有问题的医疗保健系统。
Patients and families are often frustrated by high medical bills, limited treatment choices and long wait times.
高昂的医药费、有限的治疗选择和漫长的等待时间往往让患者和家属感到沮丧。
"Hospitals don't really have a complaints department, so the only real target they have is the nurse or staff that are standing right in front of them," she said.
她说：“医院并没有真正的投诉部门，所以他们唯一真正的目标是站在他们面前的护士或工作人员”。
Worker shortages mean nurses are forced to care for more patients.
工人短缺意味着护士被迫照顾更多的病人。
That means less time to examine each one for behavior problems.
这意味着检查每个人的行为问题的时间更少了。
Burger said efforts to calm an aggressive patient are not as effective if nurses have not been able to spend enough time to build a relationship with patients.
伯格说，如果护士不能花足够的时间与患者建立关系，那么让有攻击性的患者平静下来的努力就不会那么有效。
Some hospitals tell their staff to try to make peace with aggressive visitors and patients.
一些医院告诉他们的工作人员要尽量与有攻击性的访客和病人和平共处。
Hospital leaders want to avoid getting bad reviews from patients, Burger said.
伯格说，医院领导希望避免收到患者的差评。
That is because the Affordable Care Act has tied part of federal repayment rates to patient satisfaction survey results.
这是因为《平价医疗法案》将部分联邦还款率与患者满意度调查结果挂钩。
Low satisfaction means less money for the hospitals.
满意度低意味着医院的资金更少。
D'Angelo, the former police officer, said, "The results of those surveys should never take priority over staff safety."
前警官德安吉洛说：“这些调查的结果永远不应该优先于工作人员的安全。”
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。
